Macbeth Diary - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 819 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay Did you like this example? Today has been one of my busiest days. I have spent a better part of the day on a battlefield, and fortunately, we won the battle. It is an awkward feeling after seeing thousands in a pool of blood. Banquo, my friend, seems undaunted by the war. We were saddling our horses back to King Duncans territory. However, a strange thing happened. Three witches appeared to me and seemed to utter somethings regarding my future. However, it seems impossible because I have never believed in witches. A king? Well, how about Duncan. Does it mean that someone will have to kill him? Maybe, I will have to take the opportunity now that we have a meeting tomorrow and kill him. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Macbeth Diary" essay for you Create order King Duncan awards me with the title Thane of Cawdor for winning the war. I will have to write a letter to my wife, Lady Macbeth, and inform her to help me in making a wise decision. I know she has the idea regarding the procedure that I will use to ascend to power. Probably, the visitation by the witches has some implications. Journal Entry #2 My wife has already received the letter. She is aware that the King will be coming tomorrow to celebrate the victory. I am glad that she has welcomed the idea of killing King Duncan so that I can take over the position. She has portrayed her loyalty, and I will strive not to disappoint her. However, with all the trust I have earned from the king, is it a wise decision to shove the dagger in this mans chest. I am baffled, but I respect my wifes choice. We will have to terminate the king in a discreet way that no one will ever suspect. Lady Macbeth’s encouragement to proceed as planned is overwhelming. We will wait till the King goes to sleep and I will have to stab him on the chest. I will have to set up the bodyguard so that no one will suspect. After all, I will be the king, and the whole kingdom will be mine when all goes well. I cannot wait for tonight. Will I succeed? This murder is the only step that I need to accomplish to be crowned as a King. Journal Entry #3 It was successful. No one has any leads to the king murder. However, I almost freaked out and messed the whole plan. Thanks to my wife who did not lose hope but encouraged me to pursue the project. She played a significant role by drugging all the servants, and we confirmed everyone was asleep during the incident. I almost disappointed her because of my fears and the weird feelings I had killed one of the most powerful men in the kingdom. However, the witches assured me that I would be the King, and now I am the King of Scotland. I will never forget this day. The evil secret will forever be between my wife and me. Journal Entry #4 I cannot believe I will have to do this again. Banquo is my friend, but I can never allow anyone to take the crown from me. I will have to demolish him. I hate to do this, but I have to do whatever it takes to protect my kingship. I will not have to do it myself but delegate the task to the best swordsmen. Anyone threatening my crown must die by the sword. I need to consult the witches on the way forward regarding the Macduff’s issue. I have found the witches; they told me that Macduff is the bone of contention. He will attempt to snatch the crown but will never be successful. They have just instilled some confidence, and I know that I do not have to be paranoid about anything. Moreover, they assured me that the kingdom was mine long before I even decided. But I am still afraid of this tyrant, Macduff. Journal Entry #5 Today, I curse the day I met those filthy creatures. They deceived me that the Kingdom of Scotland was mine. How I wish I knew I have been living a charmed life. I regret having killed kind Duncan because of the rigged thoughts that were influenced by these creatures. I never knew leadership comes with responsibility and it is not a bed of roses. I know I have not been the best king for Scotland, after killing everyone that tried to snatch the throne from me. We have fought in the battlefields and won. Conversely, this is not going to be an easy fight. The confrontation with Macduff has been one of my biggest nightmares since I ascended to power. It is regrettable that what I have worked for in all these years are coming to an end. Building an empire from the dark forces and seeking their advice. It was not my wish to fail you Scotland. It shall be well.

Classic Principal of Argument Essay example - 891 Words

Classical Principle of Argument - What the Waters Revealed DeAnna Alexander ENG/215 November 26, 2012 Lois Theisen Classical Principle of Argument - What the Waters Revealed Every writer wants to reach their audience and persuade them to his or her point of view. They want to show and maintain authority in an argument, whether in writing or face-to-face. To accomplish that goal, a writer should imply the three classical principles of argument; ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos occurs when an author gains respect based on his or her character. Authors use ethos to convince their audience based on his or her character. Authors using pathos in an argument, it persuades the audience through emotions. Logos supports the argument by†¦show more content†¦Jim Willis’ efforts in pulling out a reader’s emotions are successful when he gives vivid details of what the poor people had to go through during the tragic times of Hurricane Katrina. Willis places his audience in the core of the effects of the hurricane and makes them feel as if they are victims themselves by giving visuals of what such tragedy caused. He expresses that, â€Å"The vulne rability of the poorest children in New Orleans has been especially riveting to many Americans, especially to other parents. Many say they had trouble holding back their tears when they saw mothers with their babies stranded on rooftops crying for help or jammed into dangerous and dirty places waiting for help to arrive† (Lamm amp; Everett, 2007, p. 491). This statement pulls the emotions of the reader in because Willis uses his own words to arouse the audiences’ feelings. Poverty in America is not something that an individual can make up, it is a fact about how some Americans live and have lived for a long time. Logos in an essay forms from how effective evidence supports the authors’ logics and facts. Jim Willis uses support from other sources to display the logos in the essay when he gave statistics on the poverty percentage in America. He indicates that the war on poverty has been around for years but kept invisible up until Hurricane Katrina. In addition,Sho w MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Lesson The Ring Of Recollection Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesplanning research this hypothesis in academically. The ancient myth, no matter west or east and south or north, often depicts very important principal concept for the art, culture, thought, identity, philosophy and so on. Therefore, through the concept of Vak, to reconsider main argument will be beneficial for my final research.To explain my thought for the argument, I will show my old works, works of music that has been significantly inspired me, Couple of tanka (Japanese traditional fixed form poetry)Read MoreDescartes First Meditation Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesdistractions and has suitably freed [his] mind of all cares.(Pg59) It is his goal to dismantle his conventional thinking and to only acknowledge what he can determine to be wholly and undeniably true. He does this by attacking straightaway those principals which support everything [he] once believed.(Pg60) He decides that he must not try to show that all of his opinions are false, which is perhaps something [he] could never accomplish(Pg59) but rather he should withhold [his] assent no lessRead MoreThe Choice : A Fable Of Free Trade And Protectionism1295 Words   |  6 Pagesreasonable in our current era. 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(Classic Arguments 668).   King went on in his letter to say that it would be against man made law to help a jew in Nazi Germany.   What King said in his letter has to make a person think that not all laws are good for the group in society and moralityRead MoreSummary Of Till We Have Faces 1018 Words   |  5 PagesGrant Petersen Honors English 10 10/1/17 Block 1 Book Report #1 Till We Have Faces (C.S. Lewis) One of the nation’s most recognized novels is the renowned classic Till’ We Have Faces. Written by C.S. Lewis, this classic is a one-for-one first person journalized memoir from the perspective of a since exiled elderly ruler Orual, who has yet to meet her goals of castigating the gods of her time. Throughout the novel, Lewis includes an interesting plot that encompasses a strange but vivid courseRead MoreGetting to Yes1375 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly asked questions. In this review we will touch briefly on these points. The most common form of negotiation depends on the taking and subsequent relinquishing of a position. A typical example of this type of negotiation would be the classic scene of a merchant in a bazaar, haggling with a potential customer. Each holding fast to some ideal thought of a price for a bobble, neither willing to budge. This type of negotiation, according to the text, can produce unwise agreements andRead MoreMedia Manipulation : The Strategy Of Distraction840 Words   |  4 Pages(quote from text Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars). 2. Create problems, then offer solutions This method is also called â€Å"problem -reaction- solution.† It creates a problem, a â€Å"situation† referred to cause some reaction in the audience, so this is the principal of the steps that you want to accept. For example: let it unfold and intensify urban violence, or arrange for bloody attacks in order that the public is the applicant’s security laws and policies to the detriment of freedom. Or create an economicRead MoreSchool Sheen : A Short Story : Marita Bargain866 Words   |  4 PagesMifflin Harcourt,2015, pp.21-26 As a student, I know that when it comes to school it is important, but many times a lot of students get really busy with stuff and they try to do both like for example work and go to school. That is not going to work. My argument is that kids in school should try to focus on their school work and try not to be lazy in school like falling asleep and being on their phones. Many schools should start to help students when they need it. Many students like school, but it is notRead MoreAgency Theory And Stakeholder Theory1851 Words   |  8 Pagesessay because the arguments made will be linked back to either stakeholder theory or agency theory and if possible, be discussed from both of the theories perspective. Principal - agent relationships is when one party, the principals, hires another party, the agents, to act on their behalf. Shareholders hire executives or managers to take control of the firm and make decisions on their behalf to maximise their interests. The control of the business is divorced between the principals and the agents thereforeRead MoreLeadership Is Not About The Laws Of Acceptable Behavior1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents were expelled. Add to that four murders in the school as well as 500 students being arrested in one year. After the killing of a fourth student, the principal went on the school wide communications system, asking all students to examine their consciences and to offer the police any information they had about the murder. After the principal s announcement, one student asked his teacher: What s a conscience? (Cavanagh) As demonstrated by these tragic events, we have begun to lose our sense

Heredity Nature Versus Nurture and Development Free Essays

Does heredity affect your personality, or is it your environment. Many psychologists have been back and forth on this question for years. Both of them can affect your behavior and development, but which one affects it the most? Heredity and environment are both leading causes of how a human being acts, and functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Heredity: Nature Versus Nurture and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the heredity standpoint, however, it is proven that heredity does play a part in a person’s development and behavior. In a twin study, they proved that identical (monozygotic) children have more similarities living together and being separated and living with two different families than the fraternal (dizygotic) twins that are raised together in the same home. Having the same genes that your parents have, such as: eye color, skin color, and hair color somehow means that you have a partial genetic makeup as your parent, which could mean that you could also inherit their development and behavior. From an environmental standpoint, they also make a logical point. Effects of early nutrition and toxic substances can also affect a person’s development and behavior. Many things can affect your behavior and development. It really just depends on what you believe or if you believe both. There are certain traits that a person has that is either considered physical or behavioral characteristics. To pick three behavioral traits for me personally, I would pick warmth, reasoning, and self-reliance. Warmth being affection or kindness, I believe that it was caused by my environment. My family, and close friends all have a â€Å"warm† side. I was always surrounded by generous people that always showed affection. Reasoning: finding an answer using various possibilities. Instead of being stubborn, I like to look at different problems in a different point of view. This trait is most likely a trait that I received through my environment, also. Self-reliance, I would most definitely say was inherited through my environment because of the things that I saw as a child. I watched my cousins rely on other people besides themselves and they are not doing well at all because of the mistake that they made to rely on someone else, rather than doing it themselves. Psychical characteristics, such as: thin hair, blue eyes, and the shape of my feet are all caused by my families heredity. My feet look identical to my fathers, I get my blue eyes from my father, and my hair being as thin as it is I get from my mother. There are certain traits affect development and behavior. Heredity and environment playing major roles. I believe that nurture has more to do with your behavior and development than nature does. Yes, you do receive traits from your parents such as psychical traits but, I believe that your environment determines our development and behavior. Effects of early nutrition (Ricciuti, 1993; S. A. Rose, 1994; Sigman Whaley, 1998) concluded that malnutrition to an infant can cause a child to have limited neurological development and have long term impact on cognitive development. Another research study, Effects of Toxic Substances can also affect your development and behavior. (Dorris, 1989) concluded that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, where mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol during their pregnancy had children that lack motor coordination, delayed language, and mental retardation. Effects of the home environment (Bradley Caldwell, 1984; Brooks-Gunn et al. , 1996; McGowan Johnson, 1984) has plenty to do with development and behavior. Children that are raised around parents that do not care about what their children are doing, and how they are doing with school will most likely end up with bad behavior, and suffering consequences with the law or a higher power because of how they were raised and treated as children. A more stimulating home environment, where there are activities to keep the children busy, the parents are interacting with the children, and there are activities to keep their brain stimulated are shown to have children with higher IQ scores than the children with less of a stimulating environment that has to entertain themselves. It all comes down to what your actually believe. Heredity and environment both play roles in determining development and behavior issues. You can get your skin color from your dad being a cause of heredity, and your clothing style from the environment you were raised around. The nature vs nurture debate will never come to a full conclusion because of everyone that has totally different perspectives of the issues. This is just a situation where you have to view both sides of the argument and decide which side of the argument you favor the most, or do you believe that both nature and nurture play equal roles in a humans behavior and development. How to cite Heredity: Nature Versus Nurture and Development, Papers

Aristophanes Essay Example For Students

Aristophanes Essay AristophanesAristophanes was a comic writer who lived between 450 and 385 BC and composed about forty plays in his lifetime. His plays were all comedies, which usually addressed very serious political and social issues in a direct and crude manner, which, like much of todays comedy, is what made them funny for the audience to watch and appreciate. Many of the comedies would even go as far as mocking members of the audience or making personal attacks upon contemporary political personalities. Aristophanes Lysistrata is no exception to this crude comedy, ridiculing what he thinks is the absurdity of the Peloponnesian War. The comedy is a brilliantly constructed piece with an extremely profound underlying message encouraging a Panhellenic society. He does not see the point of the battles within the country and wishes a unification of the city-states. Therefore through his work he wishes to enlighten the people of Greece. In order to understand the meaning behind Aristophanes play, some background history of the events leading up to the war is needed. There are three important occurrences, which ultimately led to the outbreak. It all started when Epidamnus (a colony of Corcyra) became involved in a political struggle. Democratic factions had taken control of the colonys government and forced the aristocrats out of power. In retaliation for this action the aristocrats joined with barbaric forces and attacked the city and its surrounding areas. Seeking help, the colony sent a request to Corcyra, its motherland, for military intervention. Corcyra however refused to help the Epidamnians in their political struggle, and so the colony went to the city-state of Corinth for assistance. Being itself distantly related to the people of this colony, the Corinthians sent ships to suppress the violence. This move greatly displeased the Corcyraeans who saw the Corinthians as interfering with their affairs. So in tur n, they sent their own ships to intercept the Corinthians. To counter the Corinthian action, the Corcyraeans made an alliance with Athens (who had a very bitter relationship with Corinth). Acting according to a duty to protect the Epidamnians and possibly just to stand up to the Athenians, the Corinthian fleet attacked the Corcyraeans anyway. The resulting engagement was won decisively by Corcyraeans because of the Athenian support. This act further embittered Corinth even more toward Athens. The final straw leading up to the Peloponnesian War was when Potidaea, a member of the Athenian Empire revolted against Athenian rule. The city-state built blockades to resist occupation by the Athenian army and sparked revolt elsewhere in the area, in Chalcidice and Bottiaea. Since negotiations failed, the Athenians sent troops into the region by ship. However the Athenians also had their hands full with the Macedonians in the same region and had difficulty suppressing the revolt. When Athens finally made a treaty with Perdiccas, the Macedonian leader, she found herself betrayed as the Macedonians joined alongside the Corinthians, who had come to the defense of the Potidaeans. In spite of all of this, the Athenians were able to recapture control of most of the region with the arrival of reinforcements. Seeing that their own citizens were now trapped, Corinth called a meeting of the Peloponnesian assembly at Sparta. During this meeting the complaints against the Athenian Empire reached their peak. After another meeting a month later the Peloponnesian assembly decided that war was in order. However, it was winter and war did not begin immediately. In fact the Spartans sent three different ambassadors to Athens over the course of the winter in an attempt to secure peace. The Spartans demanded that the Athenians withdraw from Potidaea and that all the city-states in northern Greece be given their freedom. Pericles response to this demand wasMen of Athens, I hold to the opini on that I have maintained consistently: do not yield to the Peloponnesians. . . (Thucydides)So in the following summer of 431 BC the Thebans, a member of the Peloponnesian League, attacked Plataea, Athens oldest ally. This drew Athens to Plataeas defense, which in turn brought the Spartans and Corinthians to the side of their ally. The Peloponnesian war had begun. .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 , .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .postImageUrl , .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 , .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:hover , .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:visited , .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:active { border:0!important; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:active , .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517 .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a31cc7265dac8e8eb3e396581683517:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Melissa King Analysis EssayThis is the setting behind the comedy Lysistrata, which is ridiculed by Aristophanes. While the matter at hand is a serious one, the author attempts a comedic approach to it, as a plausible solution seems hopeless. Lysistrata calls together the women of Greece in an attempt to put an end to this warSo fine it comes to this-Greece saved by Woman! Then Ill expose my mighty mystery. O women, if we could compel the men to bow to Peace, we must refrain- We must refrain form all touch of baubled love. (Lysistrata, Pg. 289, 292)She has come to the conclusion that the women of Greece can put an end to the Peloponnesian War by engaging in a sex strike, un til peace is declared. She reminds the women, that the only time their men come back from battle is to rest up and have sex with their wives. She is convinced that the women can hold up, and eventually the men would succumb to their desires. As a result the women set up camp in the Acropolis taking control of the military supplies. The final outcome is that the men are finally driven out of their minds and finally give into Lysistratas demands to put an end to the war. While this is quite the ridiculous story, it does get Aristophanes point across of a unified Greece and also reflects the absurdity of a war that is fought amongst fellow countrymen. In the story the women are representative of the different city states present in the country. Individually each woman doesnt stand a chance, but by unifying they are able to outsmart, out strategize, and conquer the men of war. Aristophanes illustrates the benefits of working together, a good example is when some of the women become weak and almost give inYou wicked women, cease from juggling lies. You want your men. But what of them as well? They toss as sleepless in the lustful night. But persevere a teeny-weeny longer. An oracle has promised Victory if we dont wrangle. (Lysistrata, P. 313)Even though some of the women were weakened, it was the support of others that helped them overcome their cravings. This gives us a reference to the good that comes out of a united group. Aristophanes using more comical examples putting light on the stupidities of this war. In a scene involving Myrrhine and her husband, Myrrhine puts her husband through tortureIm dead: the womans worn me all away. Shes gone and left me with an anguished pulse. What shall I put thee in (O woe!) Since into something thou must go, Poor little lad he pines and peeks. Our lovely girl has proved a curse. (Lysistrata, P. 319)This is all a comical twist, which appeals to the audience. Whether they realize it or not, they are being exposed to the faults of the war. Aristophanes is able to get his message across to a lot of people and in turn the word is spread. Aristophanes play serves a greater purpose than a mere comical work. He addresses his views on the Peloponnesian War. He expresses his resentment of the war and pokes fun at how illogical it truly is. Through this comedy he is able to reach the public crowd and spread his views. Words/ Pages : 1,233 / 24

A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller Essay Example

A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller Paper Consider the importance of Italian loyalty in the play A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller. Daniel Bishop In the play A View From The Bridge Arthur Miller constantly conveys the extreme moral importance of loyalty towards others, be it strangers or close family in a closely linked Italian-American community in 1950s Brooklyn. Eddie Carbone values and honours these unwritten laws as much as anyone else, but despite warnings, his own desperation and selfishness slowly leads him to reject these values and therefore suffer the harsh Italian justice of the people that once stood by him. Alfieris opening speech gives us a brief insight into the ways of this Italian community. He describes how people are still very Italian, keeping to superstitions when he says, I often think that behind that superstitious little nod of theirs lie three thousand years of distrust; this also shows how long they can hold a grudge, being very honourable. He also mentions how people are more than willing to take the law into their own hands, due to honour and vengeance when he states, Oh, there were many here who where justly shot by unjust men. Justice is very important here. We will write a custom essay sample on A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This shows that people are just like babies, if they dont get what the want they get upset and go and shoot someone and how happy they are to take the law into their own hands. Later we also learn how close the community is and how they all know each other and each others business. He also gives a little hint of a long, drawn out event that is very bad and will probably end in pain when he says, another lawyer, quite differently dressed, heard the same complaint and sat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course. This is referring to Eddies deterioration of character The first, real explanation of the severity of Italian loyalty is learnt in the Carbone household at the beginning of Act One. The family is at the dinner table discussing the arrival of the illegal immigrants; this is significant because one of the most serious acts of betrayal is telling immigration about hidden illegal immigrants. Eddie stresses the seriousness of not telling anyone because of the chance of being caught, as stated earlier, everyone knows everyones business. This is shown when Eddie states; if you said it you knew it, if you didnt say it you didnt know it. Eddie also recalls a story of a boy who snitched about his hidden uncle, his own family turned on him, they spat on him in the street, which means they no longer have any respect for him and is not considered part of the family or community. This shows the severity of the communitys own justice system, and how betrayal and dishonouring is one of the worst crimes in their eyes. This story is ironic as Eddie does exactly the same thing, but with worse consequences, therefore making him a hypocrite. Eddie clearly obeys these laws of the community for now. The whole reason he is taking in these immigrants is out of loyalty. He tells Catherine, just remember, kid, you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word you gave away. This shows the Italians strong grudge again. As an audience, by now have taken in the seriousness of Italian values and the responsibilities that come with them. Marco introduces a new aspect of Italian loyalty through his character, the way he acts and communicates with different characters differently. He is obviously polite to Eddie and has great respect for him for taking him and his brother in, taking the blankets from my bed as it is put by Eddie later. There isnt much contact between Marco and Beatrice and Catherine, but he obviously loves his brother. Marco loves his family so much that the whole reason he has come to America, the land of opportunities to earn money for his extremely poor family, this shows the importance of family. Marco is extremely grateful and doesnt want to offend Eddie, he even tells his brother to be quiet quite harshly so as not to offend him, there is a profound show of loyalty throughout this scene, Eddie has taken in these two strangers at great risk without question or want of reward purely out of loyalty to Beatrice and her family. At the end of Act One we see the growing tension caused by Catherine and Rodolphos relationship boil over slightly. Eddie has become hostile out of jealousy and openly questions Rodolphos sexuality, Eddie has given the hint to the audience that he will be responsible, or at least partly for the catastrophic end of the play. Marco acts cool and doesnt notice (or ignores) the tension until the boxing incident which everyone thinks went a bit far, but the tension is lowered but coffee and conversation, yet, out of loyalty to his brother, Marco still feels the need to subliminally challenge Eddie with the chair incident, giving a warning that he has the power to stop Eddie should this go any further and that if it comes to choosing sides he will defend his brothers honour. Here stage direction representing this; Marco is face to face with Eddie, a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw, his neck stiff, the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head and he transforms what might appear like a glance of warning into a smile of triumph, and Eddies grin vanishes as he absorbs this look. At the beginning of Act Two Eddie acts out his feelings towards Catherine and Rodolpho in a drunken rage, the audience can make their own judgements upon this but most will loose a lot of respect for Eddie, as do the characters. Eddie still denies his feelings and acts and his reasons for them but no one is convinced and this incriminates him further. Marco still doesnt do anything about this, possibly because he believes it was the alcohol. We have now seen the change Eddie has gone through, all his morals and values which he upheld at the start of the play have all but deteriorated, and worse, he doesnt realise or care, all he thinks about is himself and how to get himself out of situations. All he wants is his respect and dignity, which everyone agrees he doesnt deserve. Alfieri shows great sense of loyalty as he is a man of the law but still believes that Eddie shouldnt turn them in because of trust, loyalty and the unwritten code. Despite Alfieris harsh warnings (which are very accurate) Eddie ignores him and does what he thinks is best and commits one of the ultimate acts of betrayal, the audience now reflects on how serious Eddie was with Catherine about secrecy and wonder how this change of face took place. Alfieris warnings were not unlike Eddies story about the young boy at the start, Alfieri says; even those who understand you will turn against you, even the ones who feel the same will despise you! Alfieri somehow understands Eddies feelings and situation very well. In the final scene, Eddie has committed the betrayal and everyone reacts how the audience would expect, everyone loathes Eddie and has turned their backs on him, yet Eddie feels some remorse as immigration knocks at the door. This is all to much for Marco, and because this would result in sending him home he will not be able to provide for his family and in theory Eddie has killed his family, Marco spits on Eddie in the street, this shows that Eddie has committed a horrible act against the community. Catherine now hates Eddie, understandably, she even says; Hes a rat! this must affect Eddie greatly because he did it so he could be closer to her. What is very odd is that Beatrice is still loyal to Eddie, as she will not go to the wedding under his command, this doesnt necessarily mean she still loves him but is possibly still upholding her wedding vows and the loyalty of being a wife. Marco however wants blood, he is eager to reclaim justice and take the law into his own hands as Alfieri described at the beginning. This, coupled with Eddies demand for respect inevitably leads to the confrontation, neither have anything to loose and through Eddies death his soul is purified and justice is done in the eyes of the community. Alfieris closing speech describes how no one wants what they cant have without risk, unlike Eddie and everyone is better off this way. This play has tested the extremes of Italian loyalty and how important it is otherwise you simply dont fit in, also how severe the punishments are. Through Eddie the community and the audience become more aware of these things and are reminded why they live by their rules.

Princess Catherine Ann B. Gaviola Essays - Education, Psychology

Princess Catherine Ann B. Gaviola Essays - Education, Psychology Princess Catherine Ann B. Gaviola MAEd- Social Studies LEARNING THEORIES As a teacher we have to equipped ourselves with learning theories in order to be efficient and also we have to anchor ourselves with a firm, adequate and effective theories so that we can be a caliber teacher of the 20th century. Personally I choose these three educational theories that I believe that can help me attain my goal and they are Behaviorism, Cognitivism , Connectivism. Behaviorism a learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions. Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate (i.e. tabula rasa) and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. In contrast, punishment (both positive and negative) decreases the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again. Positive indicates the application of a stimulus; Negative indicates the withholding of a stimulus. Learning is therefore defined as a change in behavior in the learner. Lots of (early) behaviorist work was done with animals (e.g. Pavlov's dogs) and generalized to humans. This theory can be applied during class discussion if the student misbehaves in class. The teacher will reprimand him and thus he will realize his mistake and if he will repeat his actions it will be dealt with the same manner but if he behaves himself and participate during class discussion the student will receive a reward such as praise from his teacher. Thus he will noticed that certain actions will elicit a response from his teacher. Cognitivism is the study in psychology that focuses on mental processes, including how people perceive, think, remember, learn, solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus rather than another. Psychologists working from a cognitivist perspective, then, seek to understand cognition. Rooted in Gestalt psychology and the work of Jean Piaget, cognitivism has been prominent in psychology since the 1960s; it contrasts with behaviorism, where psychologists concentrate their studies on observable behavior. Cognitivism focuses on the inner mental activities - opening the "black box" of the human mind is valuable and necessary for understanding how people learn. Mental processes such as thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored. Knowledge can be seen as schema or symbolic mental constructions. This is the reason why we let our students during class discussion especially if the subject is Araling Panlipunan memorizes dates, events for it is used as the foundation of building rationale among the students and if the topic is all about the different time zone. The student learn to compute and analyze the effect of having different time. Connectivism is a hypothesis of learning which emphasizes the role of social and cultural context. In this sense, Connectivism proposes to see knowledge's structure as a network and learning as a process of pattern recognition. Connectivism is often associated with and proposes a perspective similar to Vygotsky's 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD), an idea later transposed into Engestrom's (2001) Activity theory . The relationship between work experience, learning, and knowledge, as expressed in the concept of connectivity, is central to C onnectivism, motivating the theory's name. It is somewhat similar to Bandura's Social Learning Theory that proposes that people le arn through contact. What sets C onnectivism apart from theories such as constructivism is the view that "learning (defined as actionable knowledge) can reside outside of ourselves (within an organization or a database), is focused on connecting specialized information se ts, and the connections that enable us to learn more are more important than our current state of knowing". The phrase "a learning theory for the digital age" indicates the emphasis that C onnectivism gives to technology's effect on how people live, communicate and learn. This are the principles of Connectivism: Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions. Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources. Learning may reside in non-human appliances. Learning is more critical than knowing. Maintaining and nurturing connections is needed to facilitate

Managerial Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Communications - Essay Example I will appreciate that everyone is bound to make mistakes. If I lose focus during the interview, the results may be negative. I am not supposed to allow anxiety to distort my voice. I will be calm and maintain the same degree of coolness and body communication.Focusing more on the current and the subsequent questions may help mitigate the effect of giving the wrong answer. Again, I should avoid interrupting the interviewer by trying to respond to an earlier question, which I believe I gave the wrong answer.   The time for the interview is limited and the time allocated to a particular question should strategically be utilized. Regularly, I can impress the interviewer by staying calm and confident, when a question is put to me than affording the right answer. Another thing to note is that there is often no distinct answer and the way I present myself is of much importance than the answers I give.It is also important to appreciate that an interview helps the employer to identify the person who can respond positively to different issues in the place of work. The answers are important, but other aspects that I portray in an interview are more significant, and they have more impact on the results of an interview.Sometimes, interactions with my colleagues in the workplace will not be always positive. Some of their response and reactions might make me angry. To hold the anger, I need to know that anger is a usual and healthy feeling, which aids us impulsively detect and react to a threatening circumstance. When anger is properly managed, it can remedy an apparent injustice. On the other hand, anger can be an emotion that can become uncontrollable and cause negative results.

Supreme Court Appeals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supreme Court Appeals - Essay Example This refers to a court order that requests lower courts to send documents as well as materials pertaining to the case to the Supreme Court. The justices are required to vote to make a decision on whether or not the case has merit before granting a writ of certiorari (Denis et al, 2014). It takes a combination of different criteria for the Court to judge if a case is â€Å"certworthy.† A Circuit Conflict is the first criterion employed by the Supreme Court in granting certiorari. This criterion is used when there is a conflict amongst the lower federal courts concerning an issue. The conflict must be unbearable and current. The reputation of the lower courts involved in the conflict is a variable when employing this criterion (â€Å"Granting Certiorari† par.7). The Importance of a case is also another criterion for judging if a case is ‘certworthy.’ There are a number of different ways that a case can be important enough to attract the Supreme Court’s attention. Similarly, cases that are important to the polity due to the societal and political impact of their resolution, for example Brown v. Board of Education as well as Roe v. Wade, can attract the attention of the Court. As a rule, two other factors influence the Court’s assessment of the importance of a case: breadth, that is, the potential impact on many people as well as the effect on the federal government (â€Å"Granting Certiorari† par.9). Another criterion is the areas of Interest to the Justices of the Supreme Court. Some justices may have a particular hobbyhorse and that can influence on whether the Court awards certiorari or not. Repeatedly, a Justice’s area of interest is determined by personal history as well as geographic origin. For instance, justices from the West might be favor of granting certiorari in water rights cases. Flagrant abuses of justice or flagrant disregard for accepted legal doctrine can sometimes

Puppet Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Puppet Project - Assignment Example The children that I worked with really liked making Jacob, the lion, and were making suggestions on what he should look like. They even tried the puppet on used it and made more puppets. Puppets are for learning and having fun while learning. Puppetry is a form of creative art where stitchery, weaving, painting, drawing and even mobiles can be used all together to improve children’s learning in all facets of school and home issues. Cognitive- The child will learn how to use language to express themselves through the use of puppets and stories they make up themselves. They will use their thinking skills to make their puppets, think of a story, and use their puppet to present a short play to the class. Social- The child will interact with other children while making the puppet and putting on their own puppet shows. The child will be able to start discussions and learn to follow-through till the project is completed. The child will be learning proper conversation skills. Emotional- The child will learn how to express themselves through the use of these puppets. The child overcome shyness, attention-problems and will be able to complete project to completion and make friends. Physical- The child will improve their manual dexterity when using their hands and arms to manipulate the puppets mouth. They will also in some cases learn to control their whole bodies to contol puppet depending on the size of the puppet. The will also improve hand-eye coordination when the

A Guide Into Business Intelligence Studies Information Technology Essay

A Guide Into Business Intelligence Studies Information Technology Essay Data Warehousing: Integration of data from multiple sources into large warehouses and support of on-line analytical processing and business decision making DW vs. Operational Databases Data Warehouse Subject Oriented Integrated Nonvolatile Time variant Ad hoc retrieval Operational Databases Application oriented Limited integration Continuously updated Current data values only Predictable retrieval Data Warehouse: a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and nonvolatile collection of data in support of managements decision-making process. Data Mart A monothematic data warehouse Department- oriented or business line oriented Top-Down Approach Advantages A truly corporate effort, an enterprise view of data Inherently architected not a union of disparate data marts Single, central storage of data about the content Centralized rules and control May see quick results if implemented with iterations Disadvantages Takes longer to build even with an iterative method High exposure/risk to failure Needs high level of cross-functional skills High outlay without proof of concept Bottom-Up Approach Advantages Faster and easier implementation of manageable pieces Favorable return on investment and proof of concept Less risk of failure Inherently incremental; can schedule important data marts first Allows project team to learn and grow Disadvantages Each data mart has its own narrow view of data Permeates redundant data in every data mart Perpetuates inconsistent and irreconcilable data Proliferates unmanageable interfaces Data Staging Component Three major functions need to be performed for getting the data ready (ETL) extract the data transform the data and then load the data into the data warehouse storage Data Warehouse Subject-Oriented Data is stored by subjects Integrated Data Need to pull together all the relevant data from the various systems Data from internal operational systems Data from outside sources Time-Variant Data the stored data contains the current values The use needs data not only about the current purchase, but on the past purchases Nonvolatile Data Data from the operational systems are moved into the data warehouse at specific intervals Data Granularity Data granularity in a data warehouse refers to the level of detail The lower the level of detail, the finer the data granularity The lowest level of detail  ® a lot of data in the data warehouse Four steps in dimensional modeling Identify the process being modeled. Determine the grain at which facts will be stored. Choose the dimensions. Identify the numeric measures for the facts. Components of a star schema Fact tables contain factual or quantitative data 1:N relationship between dimension tables and fact tables Dimension tables contain descriptions about the subjects of the business Dimension tables are denormalized to maximize performance Slowly changing dimensions Are the Customer and Product Dim independent of Time Dim? Changes in names, family status, product district/region How to handle these changes in order not to affect the history status? Eg. Insurance 3 suggestions for slowly changing dimensions Type 1 overwrite/erase old values; no accurate tracking of history needed; easy to implement; Type 2 create new record at time of change; partitioning the history (old and new description); Type 3 new current fields, legitimate need to track both old and new states Original and current values; Intermediate Values are lost Junk Dimensions Leave the flags in the fact tables likely sparse data no real browse entry capability can significantly increase the size of the fact table Remove the attributes from the design potentially critical information will be lost if they provide no relevance, remove them Make a flag into its own dimension may greatly increase the number of dimensions, increasing the size of the fact table can clutter and confuse the design Combine all relevant flags, etc. into a single dimension the number of possibilities remain finite information is retained The Monster Dimension It is a compromise Avoids creating copies of dimension records in a significantly large dimension Done to manage space and changes efficiently 3 types of multidimensional data Data from external sources (represented by the blue cylinder) is copied into the small red marble cube, which represents input multidimensional data Pre-calculated, stored results derived from it on-the-fly results, calculated as required at run-time, but not stored in a database Aggregation The system uses physically stored aggregates as a way to enhance performance of common queries. These aggregates, like indexes, are chosen silently by the database if they are physically present. End users and application developers do not need to know what aggregates are available at any point in time, and applications are not required to explicitly code the name of an aggregate When you go for higher level of aggregates, the sparsity percentage goes down, eventually reaching 100% of occupancy Data Extraction Two major types of data extractions from the source operational systems as is (static) data and data of revision as is or static data is the capture of data at a given point in time For initial load Data of revision is known as incremental data capture Data Quality Issues Dummy values in fields Missing data Unofficial use of fields Cryptic values Contradicting values Reused primary keys Inconsistent values Incorrect values Multipurpose fields Steps in Data Cleansing Parsing Correcting Standardizing Matching Consolidating DATA TRANSFORMATION All the extracted data must be made usable in the data warehouse The quality of the data in many old legacy systems is less likely to be good enough for the data warehouse Transformation of source data encompasses a wide variety of manipulations to change all the extracted source data into usable information to be stored in the data warehouse Data warehouse practitioners have attempted to classify data transformations in several ways Basic Tasks Set of basic tasks Selection Splitting/Joining Conversion Summarization Enrichment Loading Initial Load Load mode Incremental Loads Constructive merge mode Type 1 slowly changing dimension: destructive merge mode Full Refresh Load and append modes are applicable OLAP defined: On-line Analytical Processing(OLAP) is a category of software technology that enables analysts, managers and executives to gain insight into data through fast, consistent, interactive access in a wide variety of possible views of information that has been transformed from raw data to reflect the real dimensionality of the enterprise as understood by the user Users need the ability to perform multidimensional analysis with complex calculations The basic virtues of OLAP Enables analysts, executives, and managers to gain useful insights from the presentation of data Can reorganize metrics along several dimensions and allow data to be viewed from different perspectives Supports multidimensional analysis Is able to drill down or roll up within each dimension BUSINESS METADATA Is like a roadmap or an easy-to-use information directory showing the contents and how to get it How can I sign onto and connect with the data warehouse? Which parts of the data warehouse can I access? Can I see all the attributes from a specific table? What are the definitions of the attributes I need in my query? Are there any queries and reports already predefined to give the results I need? TECHNICAL METADATA Technical metadata is meant for the IT staff responsible for the development and administration of the data warehouse Technical metadata is like a support guide for the IT professionals to build, maintain, and administer the data warehouse Physical Design Objectives Improve Performance In OLTP, 1-2 secs max; in DW secs to mins Ensure scalability Manage storage Provide Ease of Administration Design for Flexibility. Physical Design Steps Develop Standards Create Aggregates Plan Determine Data Partitioning Establish Clustering Options Prepare Indexing Strategy Assign storage structures Partitioning Breaking data into several physical units that can be handled separately Not a question of whether to do it in data warehouses but how to do it Granularity and partitioning are key to effective implementation of a warehouse Partitions are spread across multiple disks to boost performance Why Partition? Flexibility in managing data Smaller physical units allow easy restructuring free indexing sequential scans if needed easy reorganization easy recovery easy monitoring Improve performance Criterion for Partitioning Vertically (groups of selected columns together. More typical in dimension tables) Horizontally (e.g. recent events and past history. Typical in fact tables) Parallelization The argument goes: if your main problem is that your queries run too slowly, use more than one machine at a time to make them run faster (Parallel Processing). Oracle uses this strategy in its warehousing products. Indexing Structure separate from the table data it refers to, storing the location of rows in the database based on the column values specified when the index is created. They are used in data warehouse to improve warehouse throughput Indexing and loading Indexing for large tables Btree characteristics: Balanced Bushy: multi-way tree Block-oriented Dynamic Bitmap Index Bitmap indices are a special type of index designed for efficient querying on multiple keys Records in a relation are assumed to be numbered sequentially from, say, 0 Given a number n it must be easy to retrieve record n Particularly easy if records are of fixed size Applicable on attributes that take on a relatively small number of distinct values E.g. gender, country, state, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ E.g. income-level (income broken up into a small number of levels such as 0-9999, 10000-19999, 20000-50000, 50000- infinity) A bitmap is simply an array of bits In its simplest form a bitmap index on an attribute has a bitmap for each value of the attribute Bitmap has as many bits as records In a bitmap for value v, the bit for a record is 1 if the record has the value v for the attribute, and is 0 otherwise Clustering The technique involves placing and managing related units of data to be retrieved in the same physical block of storage This arrangement causes related units of data to be retrieved together in one single operation In a clustering index, the order of the rows is close to the index order. Close means that physical records containing rows will not have to be accessed more than one time if the index is accessed sequentially DW Deployment Major deployment activities Complete user acceptance Perform initial loads Get user desktops ready Complete initial user training Institute initial user support Deploy in stages DW Growth Maintenance Monitoring the DW Collection of Stats Usage of Stats For growth planning For fine tuning User training Data Content Applications Tools Dimensional Modeling Exercise Exercise: Create a star schema diagram that will enable FIT-WORLD GYM INC. to analyze their revenue. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The fact table will include: for every instance of revenue taken attribute(s) useful for analyzing revenue. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The star schema will include all dimensions that can be useful for analyzing revenue. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The only data sources available are shown bellow. SOURCE 1 FIT-WORLD GYM Operational Database: ER-Diagram and the tables based on it (with data) SOLUTION

Importance of Worldviews Essay -- Cosgrove, Reality

Cosgrove describes a worldview as â€Å"a set of assumptions or beliefs about reality that affect how we think and how we live† (p. 19). A person’s worldview has been molded from the day they were born by family, friends, media, and even strangers. Worldviews are important because they allow us to â€Å"develop a deep comprehensive faith that will stand against the unrelenting tide of our culture’s non-biblical ideas† (Tackett). Our actions also tend to mimic our beliefs—for example, if you believe that there is life after death like Christians do, your priorities should reflect your dedication to follow Christ and not be of this world (John 15:19 NLT). As I have learned more and more about worldviews in this class, particularly a Christian worldview, I have the opportunity to look back on what my worldview was and how it has changed. Because I have grown up in a church, and been a Christian for as long as I can remember, I have always thought of myself having a Christian worldview. However, after this course, I have realized that I did not know some of the basic Christian foundations—I did know that God is the creator of all things and that he is and everything he did is love. In the church I learned God is loving, all-powerful, all-knowing, eternal, unchanging, holy, and all good things, which are similar to the characteristics Dr. Strobel talked about in class. My picture of God has not changed much, if anything I have become more in awe, especially in regards to the trinity. My idea of what a person is, something that was made in God’s own image but sinned, and what happens to humans when they die, the body will stay but the soul will spend eternity in heaven or hell, has also not changed much (Zukeran). After learning from Dr. Strobel... ...MI: Kregel Publications. Davis, K., & Clark, B. (2011). Kisses from katie: A story of relentless love and redemption. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Strobel, K. (2013), Classroom Lectures, State University, Phoenix, Az. Strobel, L. (2000). The case for faith: A journalist investigates the toughest objections to Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House. Tackett, D. (n.d.). Why is a Christian worldview important?. Retrieved from http://www.focusonthefamily.com/faith/christian_worldview/why_is_a_christian_worldview_important.aspx Wilkens, S; Sanford, M. (2009). Hidden Worldviews: Eight Cultural Stories That Shape Our Lives. Downers Grove, IL, InterVarsity Press. Zukeran, P. (n.d.). what happens after death? a Christian perspective. Retrieved from http://www.probe.org/site/c.fdKEIMNsEoG/b.4224733/k.63A1/What_Happens_After_Death.htm Importance of Worldviews Essay -- Cosgrove, Reality Cosgrove describes a worldview as â€Å"a set of assumptions or beliefs about reality that affect how we think and how we live† (p. 19). A person’s worldview has been molded from the day they were born by family, friends, media, and even strangers. Worldviews are important because they allow us to â€Å"develop a deep comprehensive faith that will stand against the unrelenting tide of our culture’s non-biblical ideas† (Tackett). Our actions also tend to mimic our beliefs—for example, if you believe that there is life after death like Christians do, your priorities should reflect your dedication to follow Christ and not be of this world (John 15:19 NLT). As I have learned more and more about worldviews in this class, particularly a Christian worldview, I have the opportunity to look back on what my worldview was and how it has changed. Because I have grown up in a church, and been a Christian for as long as I can remember, I have always thought of myself having a Christian worldview. However, after this course, I have realized that I did not know some of the basic Christian foundations—I did know that God is the creator of all things and that he is and everything he did is love. In the church I learned God is loving, all-powerful, all-knowing, eternal, unchanging, holy, and all good things, which are similar to the characteristics Dr. Strobel talked about in class. My picture of God has not changed much, if anything I have become more in awe, especially in regards to the trinity. My idea of what a person is, something that was made in God’s own image but sinned, and what happens to humans when they die, the body will stay but the soul will spend eternity in heaven or hell, has also not changed much (Zukeran). After learning from Dr. Strobel... ...MI: Kregel Publications. Davis, K., & Clark, B. (2011). Kisses from katie: A story of relentless love and redemption. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Strobel, K. (2013), Classroom Lectures, State University, Phoenix, Az. Strobel, L. (2000). The case for faith: A journalist investigates the toughest objections to Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House. Tackett, D. (n.d.). Why is a Christian worldview important?. Retrieved from http://www.focusonthefamily.com/faith/christian_worldview/why_is_a_christian_worldview_important.aspx Wilkens, S; Sanford, M. (2009). Hidden Worldviews: Eight Cultural Stories That Shape Our Lives. Downers Grove, IL, InterVarsity Press. Zukeran, P. (n.d.). what happens after death? a Christian perspective. Retrieved from http://www.probe.org/site/c.fdKEIMNsEoG/b.4224733/k.63A1/What_Happens_After_Death.htm

Analysis on Guy de Maupassant’s The Necklace Essay

There is a great deal in keeping and evoking good and rational values. This is the chief lesson of that famous short story titled ‘The Necklace’ written by Guy de Maupassant (1) in the late Eighteenth Century. This short story tells about the proud-turned-tragic life of Madame Mathilde Loisel who dreams of an aristocratic status in life so that she would be able to experience the patrician lifestyle of some of her Parisian female friends. The life of Madame Mathilde Loisel shares a moral story that one has to have the right and proper moral values in order not to be blinded by empty materialism and pompous luxurious lifestyle. This means that there are more valuable intangible things in life that cannot be acquired by money; they can only be obtained by having rational insights and principles in life. These precious things are our human values. Human values cannot be measured by any material or monetary estimation, nor can they be taken away so easily like any commodities in the market. This means that if one possessed the right and rational values, he/she cannot be deceived by any fine and worldly things. But this does not mean that one has to denounce materialism totally. Â  The Necklace (Maupassant 5) centers on the covetous life of Madame Mathilde Loisel who is not satisfied with her middleclass position in life. Her secret sorrow is her not having all the material lavishness she desires around her. She hates the impoverished people who worked their bodies like animal just to eat three times a day. Most of the time, she spends the day thinking herself as a wealthy chatelaine who basks in the praises and admiration of people around her. She wants to be the center of attraction, and the only way to achieve this is to have expensive and luxurious garments and jewelry. Â  Madame Mathilde Loisel’s husband, Monsieur, cannot satisfy her desire in life since the latter’s salary as a clerk in the Ministry of Public Instruction is not enough to even buy her an expensive evening dress for a ballroom party. The night that changed her life forever comes when her husband receives an invitation to an official social gathering at the Ministry. Stricken by her desire to be the center of attraction at the said party, Madame Loisel is troubled because she has no appropriate elegant outfit and ornaments for the party. Luckily, her husband buys her a new dress taken from his own savings, while she borrows a stunning diamond necklace from her friend, Madame Jeanne Forestier. That night, Madame Loisel catches the attention of all the guests and even high-ranking officials because of her beauty. She enjoys the fleeting moment as the center of attraction at the dance party. However, her tragedy begins upon realizing that her diamond necklace is missing. They try to look for the missing necklace but to no avail. Â  Because of her lingering pride, the Loisel couple decides to purchase a matching diamond necklace as replacement for the lost necklace of her friend. The new diamond necklace that worth thirty-four thousand francs costs Madame Loisel her entire inheritance and the couple also incur huge debts. As a result, Monsieur and Madame Loisel have to work extra jobs in order to make both ends meet. After ten years, Madame Loisel is now older, shabbier, and less refined from a decade of physical work. Still proud and appearing tough, Madame Loisel still has the audacity to her old associates that she had once lost a diamond necklace. In the end, she is deeply depressed when she is informed by Madame Forestier that the long lost necklace is just a replication costing not more than five hundred francs. Had it not been for her covetousness and immodest desire for finer things, Madame Loisel would not have suffered her sorry fate. Her story is never new to people during her time, much more to people in this contemporary era. Today most people live beyond their means just to please others, or just to show others that they can afford to buy trendy stuff and hi-tech gadgets like cell phones and gaming gizmos. This only means that one has to have the rational and proper values so as not to be blinded by things of material value. These values may include industry, patience, humility, discipline, contentment, respect for others, and sense of self. People like Madame Loisel lack most of these good, rational qualities. If Madame Loisel only had the right values, she would have been content of what she has. But make no mistake, it is not wrong to desire for material things as long as you have the capacity to obtain them. To a person with proper values, he/she will have to work first before coveting for material objects around him/her. Â  One has to be patient in his/her work. If one wants a particular product displayed in a fashion boutique, he/she has to work hard for it. Having the right values, a person cannot be easily swayed by the tempting material luxuries around him— what he will do is to take it as an inspiration to improve his status in life. Reference: De Maupassant, Guy. The Necklace. Dramatic Publishing,

Free Essays on The Great American Author

The Great American Author The word â€Å"American† has a definition that can almost never be found twice. Part of the reason behind this is because the American can hardly define himself. Is he a person born on the soil of this nation, or is he a person who resides here regardless of his birth place? Is an American someone who believes that freedom is a right, or is it someone who thinks freedom is a privilege? These definitions, and many others, are the thoughts of Americans and non- Americans alike. The great writers of America can be confined by literary boundaries. He does not have to be a poet or even a novelist. He does not even have to be a he for that matter. The great American writers do not have meet at a common ground about what America is or what it is supposed to be. In this paper the reader will be given several examples of how two different American writers go about defining this country and its people, whether they try to or not. To some people, being American is a state of mind. Many would argue that any thoughts of freedom and democracy are American no matter where they originate from. Others may say that the American is an endangered species. The way the great American writer Mark Twain saw America was different from all of the above. Twain thought of the America as a great and vast canvas waiting to be painted by anyone who would be willing to try. He also thought no one was taking advantage of this great opportunity. To him America was a great jackpot waiting to be claimed. In his writings it seems like some things are obvious like his awareness of the state of society in his country and other things are not so obvious, like society’s awareness own awareness of its state. In the classic novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain has already set the pace for his interpretation of America and what it means to be American with the title itself. The title uses the name of the main character,... Free Essays on The Great American Author Free Essays on The Great American Author The Great American Author The word â€Å"American† has a definition that can almost never be found twice. Part of the reason behind this is because the American can hardly define himself. Is he a person born on the soil of this nation, or is he a person who resides here regardless of his birth place? Is an American someone who believes that freedom is a right, or is it someone who thinks freedom is a privilege? These definitions, and many others, are the thoughts of Americans and non- Americans alike. The great writers of America can be confined by literary boundaries. He does not have to be a poet or even a novelist. He does not even have to be a he for that matter. The great American writers do not have meet at a common ground about what America is or what it is supposed to be. In this paper the reader will be given several examples of how two different American writers go about defining this country and its people, whether they try to or not. To some people, being American is a state of mind. Many would argue that any thoughts of freedom and democracy are American no matter where they originate from. Others may say that the American is an endangered species. The way the great American writer Mark Twain saw America was different from all of the above. Twain thought of the America as a great and vast canvas waiting to be painted by anyone who would be willing to try. He also thought no one was taking advantage of this great opportunity. To him America was a great jackpot waiting to be claimed. In his writings it seems like some things are obvious like his awareness of the state of society in his country and other things are not so obvious, like society’s awareness own awareness of its state. In the classic novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain has already set the pace for his interpretation of America and what it means to be American with the title itself. The title uses the name of the main character,...

Definition and Examples of Enumeratio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Enumeratio in Rhetoric Enumeratio  is a  rhetorical term for the listing of details- a type of amplification and division. Also called enumeration  or  dinumeratio. In A History of Renaissance Rhetoric 1380-1620 (2011), Peter Mack defines enumeratio as a form of argumentation, in which all the possibilities are set out and all but one are eliminated. In classical rhetoric, enumeratio was considered part of the arrangement (dispositio) of a speech and was often included in the peroration (or closing part of an argument). Etymology From the Latin, counting up Examples and Observations Enumeratio in Speeches[W]hen we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men, and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!Enumeratio and Division[E]numeratio . . . partitions a subject into its adjuncts or features. If numbering of the parts is added to the division, labeling a first, second, and third item in a series, the figure is eutrepismus (Joseph 1947, 11-114). Division as an argumentative strategy . . . can be stretched across paragraphs or pages, but to be stylistically visible or figured, any of these divisions must produce either a list of words or phrases in a single sentence constituent or contiguous predictions in a short stretch of text.Enumeratio in an Essay by Jonathan Swift[A]mong such as deal in multitudes of words, none are comparable to the sober deliberate talker, who proceedeth with much thought and caution, maketh his preface, brancheth out into several digressions, findeth a hint that putteth him in mind of another story, which he promiseth to tell you when this is done; cometh back regularly to his subject, cannot readily call to mind some persons name, holding his head, complaineth of his memory; the whole company all this while in suspense; at length says, it is no matter, and so goes on. And, to crown the business, it perhaps proveth at last a story the company hath heard fifty times before; or, at best, some insipid adventure of the relater. Negative EnumerationHe believed he was a newspaper reporter, yet read no paper except The Mockingburg Record, and so managed to ignore terrorism, climatological change, collapsing governments, chemical spills, plagues, recession and failing banks, floating debris, the disintegrating ozone layer. Volcanoes, earthquakes and hurricanes, religious frauds, defective vehicles and scientific charlatans, mass murderers and serial killers, tidal waves of cancer, AIDS, deforestation, and exploding aircraft were as remote to him as braid catches, canions and rosette-embroidered garters. Scientific journals spewed reports of mutant viruses, of machines pumping life through the near-dead, of the discovery that the galaxies were streaming apocalyptically toward an invisible Great Attractor like flies into a vacuum cleaner nozzle. That was the stuff of others lives. He was waiting for his to begin. Pronunciation e-nu-me-RA-ti-o Sources Martin Luther King, Jr.,  I Have a Dream,  August 1963Jeanne Fahnestock,  Rhetorical Figures in Science. Oxford University Press, 1999Jonathan Swift,  Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation,  1713E. Annie Proulx,  The Shipping News. Simon Schuster, 1993)

Role of Moses in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Role of Moses in Judaism - Research Paper Example Still the Israelites, operating under the blessings of God, grew in numbers and stronger (Wheless, 19). This forced the Egyptians to introduce tighter controls against the Israelites by killing their children. It is during this time that Moses is born. This was as a result of the Israelite prayers to God, to deliver them from the Egyptian bondage. To protect Moses from death, her mother places him in a casket and it flows along the River Nile, and through Gods intervention, the Casket flows into the hands of Pharaohs daughter who adopts him as her son and therefore raised as an Egyptian prince. Moses grew up in the palace but he did not identify himself with the Egyptians. As a grown up man, Moses was not happy at the way in which his people were being treated, and he at one time killed an Egyptian for beating up an Israelite, thereby drawing the wrath of Pharaoh and fleeing to Midian and in this land, Moses met Zipporah, and married her. Zipporah was a daughter of Jethro, the priest of Median. Moses worked for him, for forty years as a shepherd, and it is while tending after the flock, that he got a visitation from God, requiring him to go back to Egypt, and to Pharaoh in particular, demanding the release of the Israelites from bondage. Moses obeyed the call from God and went back to Egypt demanding the freedom of the Israelites. Pharaoh, at first refused to grant him his wish, and through Moses, God struck Egypt with ten plagues, and it is the tenth plague that forced Pharaoh to release the Israelites. This plague was known as the plague of the first born where an angel of God, called The Angel of Death, killed all the first born male children of the Egyptians, including Pharaohs child. The first born of Israelites were saved by marking their door posts with the blood of a lamb. They had to eat the slain lamb, with bitter herbs, symbolizing their painful stay in Egypt as slaves. This was known as the Passover (Storr, 85).On leaving Egypt, Pharaoh changed his mind, and ordered his army to pursue the Israelites, and they were cornered at the Red Sea. God miraculously caused the Red sea to open and the Israelites passed over it. When the Egyptians attempted, God made the Red Sea to swallow them and therefore destroying the Egyptian army. This paper is an analysis of the Role of Moses in Judaism. It highlights, in detail, why Moses is regarded as an important Jewish prophet and teacher of God’s word. The paper analyses the first five books of the bible that are credited to Moses, namely Genesis, Exodus, Deuteronomy, Numbers and Leviticus. The paper highlights how Mosaic laws shaped the thinking of the Jews and their historical celebrations. It also highlights his role as a savior, taking them away from Egypt, into the Promised Land. There is also the mention of the Ten Commandments which forms the basis of the Jewish laws and traditions and the aspect of religion in him being the first person in the bible to introduce the Israelites into the knowledge of their God, Jehovah. This paper mentions the various wars that Moses led the children of Israel into during their exodus, and through faith, how they won this wars. This paper has a conclusion, which talks of other Prophets of Israel whom the Jews regard as important in their Judaist practices. Approximately, a thousand years after the death of Abraham, his descendants lived in

Business letter assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business letter assigment - Essay Example He is the kind of person who has hope in every individual he comes across. His philosophy dictates that we are all unique, able, and capable in our own rights. These among many others are the reasons why I chose to take my classes from Professor XXXX in the past. The ultimate aim of writing this letter is to let the Faculty Affairs Committee know that Professor XXXX is the best candidate for the 2012-2013 Outstanding Professor. In this respect, I hope that my nominee will clinch the George and Miriam Phillips Outstanding Professor Award and enjoy the $1,000 gift therein. This hope and subsequent nomination of Professor XXXX is driven by the following three main reasons: The teaching and learning environment is critical to the realization and achievement of the set academic goals and objectives. For students to maximize on their ultimate potentials, this environment has to be favorable, reliable, and effectively and efficiently managed. Failure to do this results in functional complications here and there, aspects that tend to derail the desired academic direction. In the light of Professor XXXX’s duties and responsibilities at the CSU East Bay, the teaching and learning environment stands enhanced and aligned with student needs. His ability to collaborate with numerous campus stakeholders makes this process much easier. Student welfare reflects both personal and academic aspects. In order to promote student welfare, both personal and academic factors/variables have to be accounted for. It is important to note that welfare is a broadly defined provision that encompasses different needs, issues, concerns, tastes, and preferences. Summing up and balancing all these aspects produces the welfare effect. Notably, this welfare effect is fundamental to students and the education fraternity in general. Professor XXXX is essentially influential when it comes to promoting student welfare. His ultimate interest is to have every student

Retention of Heritage Language as a Means of Encouraging Bilingual Essay

Retention of Heritage Language as a Means of Encouraging Bilingual Education Among Immigrants - Essay Example In this study, we examine the place of heritage language among immigrants and how this can form an important aspect of â€Å"America’s push to becoming a fully integrative and bilingual nation† (Chiswick and Miller 119). It should not be taken to mean that all in the American society share in the view that bilingual is a positive thing. In any case, the debate appears to be a divisive matter among scholars, policymakers and politicians. This study seeks to delve into the overall debate and demonstrate why heritage language is an opportune way of achieving this goal. Close reference will be given to the Hispanics; Hispanics are the fastest growing group of immigrants in United States. Bilingualism is a reality in modern day world. Firstly, the world’s projected 5000 languages are used in the globe’s 200 countries, representing an average of 25 languages for every state; â€Å"this means that interactions between citizens of numerous world countries clearly require extensive bilingualism† (Bhatia and Ritchie 1). At the moment, the processes of globalization are now in progress these developments heighten the extent and character of multilingualism, as citizens across the globe build awareness on the merits of adding a world language to their verbal repertoires (Bhatia and Ritchie 1). One must consider that, far from being exceptional, as most people believe, bilingualism and in extension multilingualism is at present the tenet all over the world and will turn out to be progressively more so in the future. Bilingualism is the ability to communicate in two languages. There is a difference between individuals and social bilingualism as well... This paper approves that parents and siblings are typically important in a student’s multi-literacy development. They often provide a literacy ‘eco-system’ where there is mutual support, adaptability, and linguistic survival and spread. Different languages may mean differing roles. This report makes a conclusion that heritage language degeneration is widespread in modern society, especially in U.S. where policies, social, economic as well as political activities are conducted in English. Most immigrants feel alienated mainly due to their insufficiency in the English language. Thus their first step is to learn English and sideline their heritage language albeit to gain acceptance from their native counterparts. This translates to a slow but sure death of the heritage language. This loss is not only a blow to efforts aimed at developing bilingualism but it also affects the culture and identity of the immigrants. Sooner or later, they feel misplaced and isolated as they lack a particular community, or society they can completely associate with. As gathered from this text, these are misplaced fears, as proved, retaining the heritage language does not in any way affect one’s capacity to understand a second language in any case it enhances one’s linguis tic capacity. In this case, there is no need to do away with the heritage language as a prerequisite in understanding English. This fact underlines the main point of this study that immigrants need to foster their heritage language even as they cultivate their understanding of the second language.

Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in The Rye Essay Example for Free

Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in The Rye Essay The Catcher in the Rye the reader can see the world through his eyes as he is the one narrating the story in first person. Holden is a young teenager, the age of sixteen who is emotionally disturbed and confused boy who is entering the journey of adulthood. Holden is a typical teenager who is rather irritated and disgusted by the society that surrounds him. To me he comes across as a witty individual because of the way he makes fun of, as he likes to call it the phony people in society he comes across with in the novel. He is from a family formed of two parents who seem to be quite wealthy, as they live in an expensive part of New York most people have to be wealthy to live in New York. Holden also was two bothers, D.B. and Allie, Allie whom is dead at the age of thirteen and he has a younger sister Phoebe. During the novel we discover that Holden is rather depressed young man because of his past, with the death of his brother and the failings of his grades in the recent schools he has attended to, he has become unhappy which leads him to have a breakdown. It seems that Holden is very dissatisfied with life and has never had any help during his time of confusion so I figure he is rather week and in some parts of the novel he feels like committing suicide. Holden has a huge sense of moral values, which often seems to interfere with other peoples loss of values. Because of other peoples values he gets frustrated and thinks people are phony. Holden seems to be a rather mean person as you read his feelings and how he feels towards people but it is only what he thinks. When Holden does something wrong he feels really guilty about his behavior and it often eats him up inside. Like the time when he went out with Sally Hayes and he calls her a pain in the ass when she refuses to run away with him, after he feels really guilty and can barely stop thinking about it. He is also a person who cant get things out of his mind when things bother him like when Ward Stradlater goes out with his old girlfriend Jane Gallagher; throughout the novel he thinks about it a lot and wonders how the date went. Holden hates the movies and loves books. Holden behavior while he is in New York going to bars and meeting women he acts like a adult by smoking and drinking, but he is very critical to others that live that kind of lifestyle. It would be rather hard to see myself as Holden or even acting like him even for a day because Im very different from him and Im not as critical towards people as he is. I think it would be difficult to be friends with him because I would always be wondering what he is thinking about me and usually when he does think of someone it is always in a negative way. But still it was easy to identify him because I have friends that are sort of like him and they act the same way.

The Symptoms Of Dementia Health And Social Care Essay

The Symptoms Of Dementia Health And Social Care Essay Dementia is a group of symptoms affecting intellectual and social abilities, severely enough to interfere with daily functioning. It is caused by conditions or changes in the brain. Dementia is the loss of mental functions such as thinking, memory, and reasoning that interferes with a persons daily life and activities, Different types of dementia exist, depending on the cause. Alzheimers disease is the most common type. Dementia is a loss of the mind, it could be static which results from global brain injury or it could be progressive which results in long term decline in cognitive function (Hopkins). Dementia indicates problems with at least two brain functions, such as memory loss along with impaired judgment or language. Dementia has never been known to be a disease but a group of symptoms that causes diseases and conditions, some symptoms are changes in personality, mood, and behavior. Dementia can make someone confused and unable to remember the names and important people in the ir lives like the name of children, husband, sisters and brothers. Some cases of dementia can be treated or cured because the cause is treatable, like dementia caused by substance abuse e.g. street drugs, alcohol, controlled substances, dementia caused by severe depression. This is known as pseudo-dementia (false dementia) and is treatable. In most cases, a true dementia cannot be cured, because of some causes that are curable and partially treated; doctors must be thorough in making the decisions so as not to miss potentially treatable conditions. The frequency of treatable causes of dementia is believed to be about 10 % (WebMD 2010). Dementia is classified as cortical or sub cortical depending on the area that is affected. Cortical dementia affects the cerebral cortex or the outer layer of the brain; the cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, thinking, awareness, consciousness and langu age.it could lead to problems with memory, thinking, and language, difficulty comprehending written or spoken material. Subcortical dementia results from dysfunction in the other brain areas below the cortex; it is the portion of the brain immediately below the cerebral cortex, this is a categorized dementia which can also bring about memory loss, degradation in thinking ability as well as changes in movement and emotions (Hopkins 2010). There are some related Dementia; Mild cognitive impairment is a transition stage between the cognitive decline of normal aging and the more serious problems caused by Alzheimers disease. This disorder can affect the language, writing and reading and could probably cause memory loss. Vascular dementia is the form of dementia that the condition is more than one; it is a group of syndromes relating to different vascular mechanisms. It is preventable and the early detection and an accurate diagnosis are important. Mixed dementia is a condition in which Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia occur at the same time, Dementia with Lewy body is a progressive declined disease or syndrome of the brain with several diseases, especially with two common diseases of older adults, Alzheimers and Parkinsons. Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferers motor skills, speech, and other functions, Huntington disease, it is a genetically p rogrammed degeneration of nerve cells in certain areas of the brain. This degeneration causes uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbance. Creutzfeldt-jacob disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare, degenerative, neurological disorder that is invariably fatal and incurable. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles. This occurs when the natural system for draining and absorbing extra cerebrospinal fluid does not work right. Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder that could be acute or chronic which is caused by the deficiency in the B vitamin thiamine, Frontotemporal dementia is a degenerative condition of the part of the brain it is a clinical syndrome caused by degeneration of the frontal lobe of the brain and may extend back to the temporal lobe, It is one of three syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Dementia has lots of symptoms and all varies depending on the cause, the common ones are memory loss, difficulty in performing activities of daily living, inappropriate behavior, aggitation, personality changes, difficulty with coordination and motor function. Dementia can be diagnoses in different ways; the doctor determines the kind of test, it is important for the doctors to rule out the curable dementia, like depression, normal pressure hydrocephalus, or vitamin B12 deficiency which can cause the same symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment is important for the patient. The different ways of diagnosing is autopsy to confirm or refine the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, the patient history so as to help the doctor rule out some conditions, physical examination to help the doctor rule out the treatable and curable cause of dementia and identify some other illness in the body which and coincide with dementia, neurological examination to assess the sensory neuron and motor neuron, especially reflexes to determi ne if the nervous system is functioning and to determine a movement disorder or stroke that may affect the patients diagnosis, lab test to rule out some symptoms like kidney failure that could contribute to the cause of dementia, the test includes complete blood count, urinalysis, blood glucose test, cerebrospinal fluid analysis etc. Brain scan to detect abnormalities of the brain the size of 5 mm and larger, it can also be used by doctors to identify stroke, tumor or other problems that causes dementia, there are different kinds of brain scan which are, computed tomography (CT) which combines special x-ray equipment with complicated computers to produce multiple images or pictures of the inside of the brain. These images of the area being studied can then be examined on a computer monitor, printed or transferred to a CD and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structure and limited function of the body. Psychiatric evaluation used to det ermine there is depression including sad, hopeless or worthless, or another form of psychiatric disorder which may be contributing to the symptoms of dementia, and presymptomatic testing is used when no treatment available stands in contrast to genetic testing done for the diagnosis of the dementia (White). There is no specific treatment for dementia; the treatment is to treat the cause. Patient with dementia needs to be under the supervision of medical care to focus on the quality care, medication and treatments such as therapy, and family members to help in activities of daily living, and to help the patient cope with many challenges. The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms of the disease; some patient might be hospitalized for a short period of time. The available drugs that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved to determine the treatment of behavioral disorder in patient with dementia is antipsychotic medication which includes, Risperdal, Seroquel, Zyprexa and Abilify, they are used to reduce the psychotic symptoms of dementia and allow the patient to function effective and appropriately (FDA 2005). Drugs for treatment of dementia should be avoided unless they are really necessary, before any of these drugs are prescribed doctors make sure the patient is physicall y healthy, comfortable and well taken care of. Some symptoms that also be treated is when patient is pain, have problems with sight and have difficulty hearing, all this can make patient more confused and increase their vulnerability. It is essential for patients to take the drugs exactly as prescribed to make it effective, but if the symptoms are not controlled the doctor may refer the patient to a specialist for further advice. There are some possible side effects of these drugs that may worsen the symptoms which are muscle stiffness, tremor, anemia, depression, heart failure, infection, nutritional disorder, hypoxia and abnormal movements, which must be listed on the drug guide. The doctor usually starts the medication with low dose and gradually increase the dose until the desired outcome is achieved. It is important to inform the doctor about any other drug that the patient is taking to avoid contraindications and once treatment is established it is important to review it regul arly. In most cases these drugs should not be prescribed for more than three months and patient should not assume that if the has been proved to be effective does not mean it is going to be effective on them. There are some more drugs that can be prescribed which are mood stabilizer (citalopram, fluoxetine, and imipramine), stimulant (methylphenidate) and serotonin affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone), information on how to take this drugs must be provided by the doctor or pharmacist. What is Alzheimer? Alzheimers disease is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906 Alzheimers, it is irreversible, slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, perception memory and thinking skills, and even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It is cited as number one mental health among people age 60 and the risk goes up as you get older. The risk is also higher if a family member has had the disease. Alzheimer is a progressive disorder that starts in the brain in the area that involves thought, memory and language. It is characterized by the stage of increasing impairment and dependency (alz.org2010). People with Alzheimer disease may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people. The earliest sign of Alzheimer disease is behavior such as suspiciousness and a thought process heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of irrationality and delusion, angry, outburst, withdrawal. Over the time the symptoms of Alzheimer gets worse, they tends to forget how to speak, write, read, brush their teeth, comb their hair and even forget family members this might make them aggressive, wander around, and get stressed. The cause of Alzheimer disease is unknown but lots of factors have been explored. There is no single test that can detect Alzheimer but the disease is diagnosed by some symptoms, some findings on neurological examination and some result from diagnostic test. The tests show the possible sign and symptoms. The pathological hallmark associated with Alzheimers disease is amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid is found between nerve cells in the brain. Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits that the body produces normally, in an healthy brain the amyloid are broken and diminishes but in an Alzheimers disease the amyloi d form hard and insoluble plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles are also found in the brain of Alzheimer disease patients, this is the accumulation of twisted protein filaments within neurons of the cerebral cortex; a characteristic pathological feature found in the brains of Alzheimers disease patients. In Alzheimers disease, there is an overall shrinkage of brain tissue and theories have proved that there is no cure for it. The part of the brain called sulci are widened while the part called gyri shrunk. The ventricle that contains the cerebrospinal fluid is enlarged. The disease Alzheimer is affecting over 5.3 millions of Americans; it cost over $148 billion annually to take care of an Alzheimers patient (Alazraki). In the early stages of Alzheimers disease, the short-term memory begins to fade, when the cells in the brain begins to diminishes, the ability to perform routine tasks declines. As Alzheimers disease spreads through the cerebral cortex judgment declines, emotional outbursts may occur and language is impaired. As the disease progresses, more nerve cells die, leading to changes in behavior, such as wandering and agitation. In the final stages of the disease, people may lose the ability to recognize faces and communicate; they normally cannot control bodily functions and require constant care. Physicians discuss with the patient and family which tests are most appropriate to establish the correct diagnosis but there is no test that diagnose Alzheimer disease, but the disease is diagnosed by the symptoms, firstly patients have to complete a physical examination to rule out some symptoms, the patient the patient mental status and neuropsychological will be assessed to determine which thinking and memory function may be affected. The patient may have a psychiatric assessment to rule out some mental illness and depression. The patient may be asked to do a brain scan (MRI, CT scan, and PET scan) to help detect signs and symptoms of stroke that can bring changes to the structure of brain associated with thinking. Blood test may be ordered to check for infection, kidney and liver function, electrolyte level, thyroid disorder and other factors that can cause memory loss. Other tests that sometimes provide important diagnostic information include electroencephalogram (EEG), urine t ests, and tests on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by a lumbar puncture. The possible drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are tacrine which should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before, or two hours after meals. If stomach upset occurs, it may be taken with meals; however, food can decrease tacrine blood levels significantly. The possible side effect of this drug is diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, muscle ache and loss of appetite. Donepezil is expected to delay the onset of Alzheimer disease for about one year in people suffering from mild cognitive impairment; it belongs to a class of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for the destruction of one neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. The possible side effects associated with this drug include headache, generalized pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, dizziness, muscle cramping, joint pain, diarrhea, insomnia, and increased frequency of urination. Namenda was actually prescribed for moderate to severe stage Alzheimer disease but now is being prescribed even in earlier stages of the disease, Namenda is an orally active receptor antagonist that regulates the activity of glumate in the brain. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms in Lewy body disease. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant, it is generally considered to be among the long-acting benzodiazepines and Opiate drugs used to relieve pain. Antipsychotic drugs not approved by FDA are sometimes used to treat agitation include, Risperidone Benzodiazepines and drugs such as Olanzapine , Quetiapine , Ziprasadone .The drugs increase the risk of death in elderly patients and the side effects include sedation, confusion and increased muscle tone. CITATION Charles L. White, Autopsy for dementia 2010 Croft, Harry. Psychiatric medication medication for mental illness http://www.healthplace.com/otherinfo/psychiatric-disorder-definations/medication. 5 may 2010 Alazraki, Melly. Nothing you can do will help daily finance 5/01/10. 11.00am http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/nih-on-alzheimer-much/19460466/mellyalazraki Hopkins, John. Special Report. 7thth ed. New York: new York Times, 2009. Print. Kesner, Julian. Three new dementia fighters. Prevention Jan. 2009: 104. Professional Collection. Web. 04 May, 2010 Webmd.com 2010