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CORPORATE LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CORPORATE LAW - Essay Example The all out worth (counting premium) of the new issue will be  £ 6500. The important lawful situation in such manner is as under: The chiefs of a constrained organization can settle terms of recoveries of offers just when they are engaged by the Articles of relationship of the organization to do as such. In any case the terms endorsed in the articles are to be followed. Appropriately the procedure of reclamation to be trailed by Mirza Plc will rely on the terms either gave in its Articles of affiliation or settled by the goals of the board just when articles explicitly enable chiefs to do as such. The terms of reclamation of offers must be set down before the issuance of such redeemable offers. At the end of the day Mirza Plc can recover shares just at a superior when such term existed before issuance of its redeemable offers. By no means Mirza Plc can settle new terms of recovery of offers after issuance of such offers. That is the reason the law gives that the terms, conditions, and habits of recovery must be expressed in the announcement of capital required to be recorded with enlistment center. According to arrangement of the Companies Act, 2006, Mirza Plc may recover the offers out of undistributed benefit. However,it may back the reclamation out of a new issue. Apparently Mirza Plc has chosen to utilize both the choices. As the necessary reclamation sum is  £ 15000 (counting premium) and new issue will get just  £ 6500 (counting premium), obviously Mirza Plc will likewise be utilizing gathered benefits to pay some portion of recovery obligation. One of the conditions recommended by the Companies Act, 2006 is that premium on recovery can be paid just when offers were initially given at premium. Mirza Plc satisfies this condition as redeemable offers were given at a higher cost than expected of  £ 2500. The law necessitates that recovery must be made out of undistributed benefits, yet continues of new issue made for reclamation can be

Human Body Transplants Cloning As A Future Prospect Thesis

Human Body Transplants Cloning As A Future Prospect Thesis Human Body Transplants: Cloning As A Future Prospect â€" Thesis Example > Cloning (Introduction)32-33Term Implications in the Modern Sense33-34DNA Cloning34-36Reproductive Cloning36-39Therapeutic Cloning39-41Xenotransplantation42-44Stem Cells44-48Chapter 5: Conclusion48-49 IntroductionThe purpose of the paper, as set out in the abstract, is to investigate to what extent the recently-developing and progressive technology of cloning can be helpful in generating organs and tissues for transplantation to needy human recipients. Many disorders of the human body, such as certain congenital conditions, cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation and other conditions can lead to organ damage and failure and the need for reconstruction. As is stated later on in the paper the number of persons with such organ reconstruction needs exceed by a large margin the number of organs available. Consequently, this results in unnecessary deaths each year, both in the United States as well as elsewhere in the world. At a period in human history when it seems that most things are possible this is considered appalling. Regenerative medicine together with tissue engineering strives to return form and function of these failed organs. Therapeutic cloning, one of all the cloning technologies available today, has great potential to become a permanent part of regenerative medicine by becoming a constant source of transplantable cells that can restore both form and function of the original sets of cells that constituted the failed organ or tissue (Koh and Atala, 2004). Nevertheless, it must be noted here that therapeutic cloning in the true sense using human embryos is unallowable under ethical considerations now or in the future as it implies destruction of an embryo, constituted to be the destruction of a potential human life. Then how can therapeutic cloning be of any help in supplying organs and tissues to be used for transplantation? There is another possibility under therapeutic cloning. The same technique that can generate human transplantable cells and ti ssues by non-reproducibly creating human embryos can also be used to create other animals like, notably pigs, that are genetically compatible to humans, especially needy recipients, and requisite transplantable organs, tissues and cells can be harvested from these genetically engineered animals for human use. The paper investigates the traditional sources of organs and finds that there is potential to increase supply from cadaveric sources as these are not totally exhausted. It also finds that bioartificial organs, tissue engineered, may return form but are not so competent to restore functionality in whole. There must be more research on this part of regenerative medicine to make it efficient enough as an alternative source. Essentially, hereafter, the paper investigates thoroughly all aspects of organ transplantation acknowledging the fact that no single technology or source can be used as the only means of deriving transplantable body parts from. Instead, for the future, with it in mind that those who need these transplantable parts have to be supplied them on an imperative basis, the paper considers a number of alternatives, all of them inclusive, that have potential to solve this major human problem in the near future. The main strategy for the introduction is to emphasize the urgency in enabling supply of transplantable organs, tissues and cells to those who may die without them. The sub-section on illegal trade in organs also demonstrates the urgency because the illegal trade is there in part because the demand for such body parts far exceeds supply in these times. It is a blotch on human dignity and much has to be done to do away with it.

Jacks Hunger for Power in The Lord of the Flies Essay

Jacks Weakness The Lord of the Flies is a gruesome story about young boys stranded on an island, who underwent a transformation from polite British choir boys to savage hooligans. One of the main difficulties the boys face during their adventures upon the island, is their method of government, they either follow the path of Ralph, the democratic leader whose main focus is to escape the despairing island; or Jack a power-hungry monarchical leader who wont ever take no for an answer. The two boys are constantly bickering and arguing over who deserves the leader-position. We all understand Ralph wants to be leader so that he can ensure that the boys will return back home, but in Jacks case, it is a constant mystery to us about why he†¦show more content†¦Although, it is starting to seem as though this â€Å"new† Jack, has a decent life upon the island, why would he ever want to change? Jacks violence that had once been simply part of his disguise, seems to have become a part of him. And it seems to be something that Jack enjoys too much, somewhat like a psychopath. â€Å"Robert was screaming and struggling with the strength of frenzy. Jack had him by the hair and was brandishing his knife.† â€Å"Then Jack found the throat and the hot blood spouted over his hands.† Jacks original plan of creating a new personality for himself seems to have gone to his head. And the psychopath within him has come alive. Once he understands his situation upon the island Jack sees it as a fresh start where he can act as a complete tyrant and have unlimited power, and by doing so, escape his fear of being publicly embarrassed, ashamed and humiliated by other children. But his â€Å"temporary† personality change seems to have completely changed him into the blood-thirsty savage that he has become. This situation can apply to so many events that have taken place throughout history. A great example would be Salieri and Mozart, Salieri who loved music, believed himself to be a talented musician and performer, until, Mozart. His jealousy andShow MoreRelatedApa: Comparison Between the Hunger Games and Lord of the Flies1576 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference of group and individual survival between the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collin, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and the 1990 film of Lord of the Flies directed by Harry Hook. BY: Becky Coutlee April, 23, 2012 D.Smith Comparing and contrasting the similarities and difference of group and individual survival between the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collin, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and the 1990 film of Lord of the Flies directed by Harry Hook. â€Å"And while the law of competitionRead More Lord Of The Flies: Jack And Roger Essay631 Words   |  3 Pages Lord of The Flies: Jack and Roger Jack and Roger are two allegorical characters in the story: quot;Lord of the Fliesquot; by William Golding. They are both characterized as killers but they are very different from one another. The two young boys start off with the same intentions but as the story progresses we begin to see the differences in their personalities. While Jacks power hunger grows, Rogers sadistic nature also grows as well. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The character of Jack isRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1134 Words   |  5 Pagesqualities. However, for the most part, the shift and yearning of power is what corrupts. In Lord of the Flies, the author William Golding uses the dynamics of power to develop how the desire and shift of power causes chaos and creates an uncivilized environment. In Lord of the Flies, the desire and shift of power is what ends up breaking the boys feeble attempt at civilization. It is ruined through conflict and unnecessary competition. Jack’s use of tyrannical leadership, Ralph’s loss of control withRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1540 Words   |  7 Pageslimited the liberties of its people. This era created lasting views of the concept of â€Å"good versus evil†. British author William Golding wrote his novel, Lord of the Flies, during this time and it reflects this uneasy atmosphere. The character development, along with the c arefully chosen symbolism of the novel suggests that Golding wrote Lord of the Flies as an allegory to the people and events of the Cold War, but also to present his future predictions for the Cold War; both of these exhibit the viewsRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesthey were born, or would they disregard all of it and do as they please because there is no definite authority figure to tell them how to live. In William Goldings, The Lord of the Flies, he brilliantly tells a story of life and death and everything in between. His use of symbolism with the conch, beast, and lord of the flies is phenomenal. It is a story that makes you think. Every person, when faced with reality, may act civil now, but in a survival situation, human nature takes over in the endRead MoreLord of the Flies Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthe novel Lord of the Flies, the boys stranded on the island turn from a group of proper, English school boys to uncivilized s avages. Adults place a nonexistent innocence on children; all humans are born with evil tendencies. Throughout the novel, William Golding reveals that not even children are purely innocent. William Golding reveals this through the controllability and power that fear has over humans, the lust for violence that humans are born with and the natural desire for power that humansRead MoreLord Of The Flies Character Analysis1036 Words   |  5 Pagesone’s place in the world. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies the main character Ralph is shocked into the realization that power can corrupt one’s logic after he is shipwrecked on an island. Through this realization Ralph discovers that his place in the world is to stand up for what he believes is right even if it is not the popular opinion. He shows his comprehension of both realizations through two main events in the novel: giving the conch its power and the prolonged argument over the importanceRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1201 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies, is a story of adventure through nature and the human conscious. A group of boys, stranded on an island, become savage instead of working together and start fighting each other. Golding’s use of the war allegory shows how children can become as ruthless as adults when put in the right setting. While on the island, personality traits surfaced, such as their savageness, their carelessness, their fear, their hunger power, and their childish pride. Golding uses a war allegory to showRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1517 Words   |  7 Pagesthe common good of the group before any single individual. â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding explores this ideological struggle through an allegory that pits two boys – Ralph and Jack – and their respective philosophies against each other. Golding portrays Ralph as a relatable, sympathetic main character whose key focus is rescue f rom the island the boys are stranded on. As a foil to his character, Jack’s main desire is to gain power and control without care for the group’s fate. Hence, Ralph’sRead MoreFreudian Theory Into Lord Of The Flies1764 Words   |  8 Pagesperson has a significant influence on the quality of their decisions and behaviors. Golding incorporates the theme of Freudian theory into Lord of the Flies to present a psychological meaning that explains the struggles associated within everyone. Various symbols justify the characters as specific parts of Freud’s analysis of the human personality. In Lord of the Flies, Golding establishes a psychological meaning through the use of symbolism to personify Piggy, Jack, Ralph and Roger as the specific traits

The Poverty Of The United States - 1746 Words

What is poverty? A question most Americans will not have to think twice before answering. Poverty is, of course, simply a lack of money. The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measurement has hardly changed since it was created fifty years ago. As the United States of America has because a better-established country and therefore a more prosperous country, the type of people that are considered poor has changed quite a bit. Before industrialization and immigration†¦show more content†¦The poverty line was created in the mid-1960s when a team in New York City’s Department of Health was assigned to find out exactly how many children were impoverished at that time. One of the members, Mollie Orshansk y found that there was not yet, a set way of measuring poverty, so she set out to create her own. Armed with the 1955 Department of Agriculture, which stated that families of three or more, commonly spent close to a third of their income on food. Orshansky multiplied a family’s food budget by three, and that became the poverty line, which at that time allotted $143.47 per week in today’s dollars for a family of four. This system may have worked in the 1960s, but America has changed significantly since then, the poverty must change as America does or poverty will never be measured correctly. For instance, instead of the third spent on food in the past now, the amount is closer to one fourteenth of a family’s income. Times have changed with cell phones, transportation, saving for college and childcare, what was important in the 1960s is very different to the present day. Which should drastically change how the poverty line in calculated and yet, year after year other than a slight movement for inflation the poverty line does not change (Light). However, this brings up an interesting question. What is a basic human need and what is a luxury? This idea

Videogames Benefits Free Essays

Most people think that playing video games will lead you to a life of crime, delinquency, and misery. The opposite, however, is true. Video games can be used properly to improve the coordination and concentration physically, socially, and mentally to benefit the user. We will write a custom essay sample on Videogames Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Does this mean kids should spend all day playing? No. This occurs when they are used properly and in moderation. Contrary to what most of the people believes, video games can actually help your motorskills no matter how younger people are. Most of the people who play videogames do not know that there is a research that shows that certain video games can reduce fat causing global weight loss. Other sources state that doctors have instructed parents to let their children play video games to help control focus. It is found that video games can improve hand eye coordination and have been used for rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. Gamming has developed in technology that has been created for many new positive effects. Over the years video games had become popular and enhanced. Another potential benefit of video games is they aid in improving language and teaching new words of various languages. This is because every game contains certain rules and instructions according to which the game can be played. So, it is very necessary for the player to be able to understand the instruction. Video games help the child in recognizing the alphabet and numbers. It also helps in building the children vocabulary. The University of Cambridge states that in a study with one set of surgeons played video games for 3 hours a week, while the other set played none. The set that played the video games made 37 percent fewer mistakes during laparoscopic surgery and finished the surgery 27 percent faster. In a separate study, gamers and athletes were compared upon their hand eye coordination. People who played both sports and games were the highest, followed by gamers, and then athletes. In two separate studies, video game players had better success identifying items in visual environments. One study showed that people who played action games had a 20 percent better success rate in identifying a T in a cluttered environment. In another study, those who play action video games on a regular basis can process visual information faster and can track 30 percent more objects than non-gamers. (University of Cambridge) Gaming can also make you smarter. People who play video games can display intelligence by solving in-game problems. Managing multiple objectives and multiple resources is one of the goals of the game that can help you become smarter. The people can also improve their understanding ability by learning the rules of the game and what strategy works the best for the user. Since video games are driven by goals (find the princess in the White Mountain), people will have to think and analyze the environments in order to complete problems that lead them to complete the main task; so gaming will develop the areas of think and analysis of the people involved. But playing too much can lead people to addiction and many other negative consequences. The good part is that there are positive outcomes to gaming like Getting smarter, becoming better with your hands and being able to see better is a good outcome. This only applies when used properly. How to cite Videogames Benefits, Papers

Scarlet Letter By Hawthorne Idea Essays - English-language Films

Scarlet Letter By Hawthorne Idea The Scarlet Letter is a story of hypocrisy and punishment. The strict Puritan laws made adultery a sin punishable by death or a life of misery. Although being an unwed mother or an illegitimate child is no longer a crime leading to capitol punishment, the treatment of welfare mothers and their children is similar to the treatment Hester an Pearl received in Hawthorne's novel. Hester and Pearl are prime examples of the negative attitude society, both Puritan and current, has toward single mothers and their "bastard" children. Hester and Pearl are the atypical example of illegitimate child and unwed mother. The consequence of the relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale is a child out of wedlock. Hester is forced to stand with her child on a scaffold which according to Hawthorne is"invested with almost as stern a dignity as the punishment of death itself." Pearl is forced to grow up without a father and Hester is left to make a life for herself and her child with no social succor. The puritans favored laws that would force society to hear their preaching (2.Gatis, 5). To the Puritan community Hester's "A" is a mark of just punishment. According to Crime and Punishment in American History, executing adulterers was a rare event. Branding and banishment was more common than the death penalty (6.Friedman, 36). In a society where there is no separation of church and state, the letter prevents Hester from being an active member of society. Hester, or a puritan woman in her condition, is held as an example for all to behold. While Hester is forced to wear a symbol of her sin, Pearl is forced to grow up watching her mother chastised. She can not have a normal childhood, for she does not fit into society. Her father is a "dead beat dad" and lends no hand in her up bringing. Hawthorne states, "Pearl was born an outcast of the infantile world. An imp of evil, emblem and product of sin, she had no right among christened infants." In the Puritan community, the father is considered the head of household. According to Edmund S. Morgan's The Puritan Family, there was a law in Massachusetts holding the head of household responsible for teaching their children and providing instruction of civil matters. Family in the Puritan society was a means for carrying out civil purposes (5.Kerry, 16). Family life was very important and all members of the society were expected to be part of a family. Fatherless children would not fall into the category of a family unit, therefore Pearl, not having a proper family, is chastised and branded a child of the devil. Although Dimmsedale does not remain unscathed by sin, he is not punished by society. He is able to hide his participation in the evil act, and escape a punishment of death. Hester is forced to raise the child on her own without any moral or monetary support from her lover. She has to ask to be allowed to keep her child, and is forced to do so as a single mother. Although the town wants to find the father of Pearl in the beginning of the novel, the issue is not forced, and Dimmsedale escapes responsibility. Despite the suffering Dimmsedale feels internally, he still takes no initiative to help in the raising of Pearl. Although having a child out of wedlock is no longer punishable by death, and women are no longer forced to wear scarlet letters, unwed mothers are still the ones held solely responsible for their illegitimate children. Unwed mothers are branded as immoral welfare recipients who are too lazy to work. AFDC is known as a wasteful program that encourages unwed mothers to continue to have children. Much of society has not change their views since the Puritan days. At the American Enterprise Institute luncheon Charles Murray said, "The act of getting pregnant if you are not prepared to care for a child is not morally neutral, it is a very destructive act. And much as we may sympathize with a young woman who finds herself in that situation... part of arranging society so that happens as seldom as possible is to impose terrible penalties on that act (1.Conniff, 18)." This is seemingly reverting to the tactics used by the Puritans. Welfare programs for unwed mothers are thought to be a waste of tax dollars. Politicians continue to debate welfare reforms while the country continues to view unwed mothers as failures. In the article Just the Facts,

Accelerating Growth Between Marketing and Sales With Steli Efti

Accelerating Growth Between Marketing and Sales With Steli Efti Do you enjoy your morning commute? Do you use that time to figure out what you want to accomplish? Goals you want to crush? It can be a peaceful time to think about various projects and who to work with to make things happen. Today, we’re talking to Steli Efti, co-founder and CEO of Close.io, about the intersection of inbound marketing and outbound sales. We discuss where to start, how to work collaboratively, how to grow and scale practices, and HUCA. Some of the highlights of the show include: Starts with customers if you’ve had success with inbound marketing and data to identify ideal/non-ideal customers, that’s the foundation of outbound sales Outbound Strategy: Ask customers for advice on how to sell to them Be vulnerable when doing sales, ask for help, and create an MVP for insights Decision-maker milestones to reach through outbound efforts that can be improved, replicated, and scaled Not all sales reps are created equal; requires consistency and persistence Would I want to buy from this person? Would I want to buy something from this person that I don’t really want to buy? Salesperson Characteristics: Knowledgeable, influencing, trustful, confident, authentic, honest, competitive, and adaptive Depending on your buyers, send emails or make calls to reach them Hang Up and Call Again (HUCA): Philosophy that applies to trying again to get everything you want in life Get outbound sales and inside marketing to work together to understand what they’re trying to accomplish and what insights they’re gathering Links: Close.io Steli Efti’s Blog Steli Efti Keynote Steli Efti’s Email (subject: bundle, and refer to AMP) Send suggested AMP topics If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Steli Efti: â€Å"My entrepreneurial superpower has always been sales and marketing. I’ve always been communicating to drive things forward and to make my businesses succeed.† â€Å"Most of the advice that I give is super obvious stuff, but it’s stuff that people don’t want to do.† â€Å"Just ask a bunch of your customers to give you advice on how to sell to them from an outbound perspective.† â€Å"What separates a great from the good is real consistency and persistency.† If you sound confident and comfortable, it’s going to make me feel like I should stay on the phone and keep listening.

Using If-Then-Else and Switch in Conditional Statements

Using If-Then-Else and Switch in Conditional Statements Conditional statements in a computer program support decisions based on a certain condition. If the condition is met, or true, a certain piece of code is executed. For example, you want to convert user-entered text to lowercase. Execute the code only if the user entered capitalized text. If not, you dont want to execute the code because it will lead to a runtime error. There are two main conditional statements used in Java:  the if-then and  if-then-else statements, and the switch statement. The If-Then and If-Then-Else Statements The most basic flow control statement in Java is if-then: if [something] is true, do [something]. This statement is a good choice for simple decisions. The basic structure of an if statement starts with the word if, followed by the statement to test, followed by curly braces that wrap the action to take if the statement is true. It looks like this: if (  statement  ) {// do something here....} This statement can also be extended to do something else if the condition is false: if (  statement  ) { // do something here...}else {// do something else...} For example, if you are determining whether someone is old enough to drive, you might have a statement that says if your age is 16 or older, you can drive; else, you cannot drive. int age 17;if age 16 {System.out.println(You can drive.);}else  {System.out.println(You are not old enough to drive.) There is no limit to the number of else statements you can add.   Conditional Operators In the example above, we used a single operator. These are the standard operators you can use: equal to: less than: more than: greater than or equal to: less than or equal to: In addition to these, there are four more operators used with conditional statements: and: not:!  or: ||is equal to:    For example, the driving age is considered to be from age 16 to age 85, in which case the AND operator can be used. else if ( age 16   age 85 ) This will return true only if both conditions are met. The operators NOT, OR, and IS EQUAL TO can be used in a similar way. The Switch Statement The switch statement provides an effective way to deal with a section of code that could branch in multiple directions based on a single variable. It does not support the conditional operators the if-then statement does, nor can it handle multiple variables. It is, however, a preferable choice when the condition will be met by a single variable because it can improve performance and is easier to maintain.   Heres an example: switch ( single_variable ) {case value://code_here;break;case value://code_here;break;default://set a default;} Note that you start with the switch, provide a single variable and then set out your choices using the term case. The keyword break completes each case of the switch statement. The default value is optional, but good practice. For example, this switch prints the lyric of the song  Twelve Days of Christmas  given a provided day. int day 5; String lyric ;  // empty string to hold the lyric switch (day) {case 1: lyric A partridge in a pear tree.;break;case 2:lyric 2 turtle doves;break;case 3:lyric 3 French hens;break;case 4:lyric 4 calling birds;break;case 5:lyric 5 gold rings;break;case 6:lyric 6 geese-a-laying;break;case 7:lyric 7 swans-a-swimming;break;case 8:lyric 8 maids-a-milking;break;case 9:lyric 9 ladies dancing;break;case 10:lyric 10 Lords-a-leaping;break;case 11:lyric 11 pipers piping;break;case 12:lyric 12 drummers drumming;break;default:lyric There are only 12 days.;break;}System.out.println(lyric); In this example, the value to test is an integer. Java SE 7 and later support a string object in the expression. For example:String day second;String lyric ;  // empty string to hold the lyric switch (day) {case first:lyric A partridge in a pear tree.;break;case second:lyric 2 turtle doves;break;case third:lyric 3 French hens;break;// etc.

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management Assignment - 2

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management - Assignment Example When choices increases, shaping and monitoring investment portfolios becomes more complicated and it is more exposed to excessive risks. To succeed in portfolio market, it requires one to make more research in order to learn how to evaluate fundamental issue and manage related risk. This increases effectiveness to clients and organization leading to more productivity. In order to succeed in investment environment, Nelly company they should have proper management of cash. They should always have knowledge of cash they receive from regular contribution of their members made and how much the fund grows. This will enable them to know the amount of money they will use to finance education (Kendrick, 2009).Later the company management should discus and make decisions on how to finance the education and how much they should have for the company to profit which will be available for contributor to make the withdraw. They should also come up with rules which should be favourable for the company and the contributor to minimize the amount they should withdraw than the amount they contribute (Elton & Gruber, 1995). The success of Nelly Company can be brought by setting complicated and favourable rules for members who would like to withdraw their funds and which can bring the member core benefits in future. The members who have more than four years and would like to withdraw their funds can be given a portion, say, 20 percent of their net contributions. The remainder should be used for funds creation at an interest which then and be allocated to these members on a residual basis. This ensures that the company remains a going concern and may not necessarily liquidate (Aiken, 2008). The company can also borrow quickly from other financing institution under a line of credit agreement, which permits company to have up to a specified maximum amount. The company will be able to buy marketable

Developments in european & pacific rim trade Essay

Developments in european & pacific rim trade - Essay Example However we there can be several exceptions to this first rule - which is the first article of the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) - such as for example giving developing countries special access to a market or raising barriers against products being produced unfairly in other countries. The second part is the National treatment: treating foreigners and locals equally meaning that locally-produced goods should be treated equally when compared to imported goods once the imported goods have entered the national market. The same thing has also to be applied for services, trademarks, copyrights and patents. The second principle of WTO favors the lowering of trade barriers meaning customs duties and tariffs and measures such as import bans or quotas that restrict quantities selectively. Since the creation of the GATT, there have been eight rounds of trade negotiations to progressively abolish these barriers, the undergoing ninth round being the Doha Development Agenda. The predictability of international trade will guarantee a continuous stability. Therefore WTO encourages its members not only to lower trade barriers but also not to raise new barriers. When a country opens its market for products or services, it is considered as binding its commitment. However a country can change its bindings but only after a round of negotiation. With this principle WTO insists on the point that the organization i... WTO allows tariffs and some form of protectionism. Its true aim is to establish an environment with the help of specific rules to favor fair trade. These rules are for example the rule of most favored nation, national treatment or rules on dumping and subsidies. Encouraging development and economic reform Finally, WTO's last principle encourages development through flexibility for developing countries to implement WTO rules and special assistance and trade concessions in favor of these developing countries. (World Trade Organization, Principles of the Trading System) However as much as we can consider these principles being the best ground for efficient and fair trade, the reality is otherwise as we can see through the example of the Multi Fibre Agreement On January 1st, 2005, the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) expired. The MFA was a measure taken regarding the world trade of textiles and garment from 1974 to 2004 which imposed quotas on the amount that developing countries could export to developed countries. The WTO admitted that the MFA was a special regime outside the GATT rules and that WTO members have committed to remove those quotas by 1st January 2005 When the quotas from a country like China was reached, importers turned to less competitive suppliers located in countries that had spare export quotas and whose only advantage was low wage. Today, the less competitive developing countries are not called as back up because countries willing to import textile can only be supplied by one and only exporter, the most competitive: China. The importance of China in the textile market has not its boundaries set within developing countries. Since the beginning of 2005,

America Essay -- American History, Hollywood

â€Å"Homeland, the country that I love, forever reign supreme; And when time stands still, my homeland, may heaven hold your dream† (Spring-Rice). Gustav Holsts’ song â€Å"Homeland† is all about people who are patriotic towards their own country. America has been built upon a certain set of rules in which makes it unique from their countries. Americans have excessive pride in their country which shows greatly in their interactions with others. Americans also have other traits which reflect their culture. White America views itself in three ways: appearance, narcissism, and social status. â€Å"You want to fit in with these people? They’re not going to change. You have to† (Traister 675). America has views which are built on appearances. This is because of the media having an influence on what Americans view as â€Å"socially acceptable†. Hollywood sets a standard by using celebrities to show Americans what they should wear. Men are usually viewed as wearing simple but â€Å"masculine† clothing. Also these are said to, â€Å"Emphasize the size of upper body musculature, allow freedom of movement, and encourage an illusion of physical power and a look of easy physicality all suggest masculinity. Such appearance of strength and readiness to action serve to create or enhance an aura of aggressiveness and intimidation central to an appearance of masculinity† (Devor 571). On the other hand, women have more of a variety of clothing styles all of which reflect back to femininity. As Devor states in his article, â€Å"Feminine styles of dr ess likewise display subordinate status through greater restriction of the free movement of the body, greater exposure of the bare skin and an emphasis on sexual characteristics† (Devor 570). Along with clothes how a person presents hi... ...he rich) are viewed in America has having all of the wealth and the power, while the middle and lower classes are left in the shadow. â€Å"Hollywood makes sure its audiences leave the theater thinking you can’t be too rich† (Parenti 406). America’s culture is reflected through what is displayed in the media. Therefore a conclusion can be drawn that Americans’ base their stereotypes of social status off of what is viewed in the media. â€Å"My homeland, be my dream, my hope. Homeland† (Spring-Rice). Appearance, narcissism, and social status are three traits America uses to view itself. America has been built upon pride and patriotism ever since they won their freedom from England. Because of this, Americans take pride in their country. This is why Americans view themselves as â€Å"superior† to others. They love their country and would not want to change anything about it.

Benefits of Animal Assisted Therapy

Angelica Carlos English 4 19 March 2012 Benefits of Animal Assisted Therapy Throughout human history, â€Å"animals have occupied a central position in theories concerning the ontology and treatment of sickness and disease† (Serpell 16). Animals have played a major role in the lives of humans in ways that have affected our entire being and survival. Countless amounts of people, animals, and time have been put into bringing AAT all over the world; as a result, five other countries have adopted this form of therapy.The volunteers and workers of Animal Assisted Therapy have pushed to bring an exciting new therapy to children and adults all around. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a familiar method of treatment and rehabilitation in many diseases and conditions, where the animal becomes an important â€Å"behavioral facilitator†, causing improvements in the behavior and health of the patient. â€Å"Numerous authors and medical professionals point to its importance and in p articular that the positive feedback between the patient, the animal, and the therapist reduces many symptoms, and improves the quality of life† (Yeh 2005).The history of Animal Assisted Therapy can be traced back to the 9th Century. It is a goal-oriented intervention in which an animal that meets the criteria becomes an integral part of the treatment process for patients. The benefits of Animal Assisted Therapy far outweigh the risks, and should be used and recognized as an effective form of therapy. AAT in a natural environment brings about the encounter between a patient and an animal, which elevates the motivation and strength of the individual. The therapist-animal-patient trio establishes such mechanisms which increase the level of communication. It enhances motivation, the driving force that heals† (Journal of Psychology 44). The patient learns to experience himself/herself in relation to others, and to better perceive truth and reality. Pressure from school can e xacerbate medical and psychological pathologies in kids. â€Å"The use of Animal Assisted Therapy and Animal Assisted Activities maybe [a] useful tool which could be offered in school counseling† (Chandler 2000). If AAT is offered in schools, it could bring in students who are too scared and embarrassed to talk about their problems. The presence of an animal can facilitate a trust-bonding relationship between therapist and client† (Chandler 2000). The bond between client and therapist is essential because without a connection no progress will be made in the recovery of the patient/client. Additionally, â€Å"Animal Assisted Therapy interactions are goal directed, individualized to the patient and has documented progress† (Bloomquist). The purpose of AAT is to develop checkpoints and make a patient’s recovery fast and fun. With the goals in mind, it is easier to track a patient’s progress.Animals keep the patient in check; â€Å"positive psychologic al and psychosocial [and physiological] benefits have been linked to the presence of animals. Reductions in blood pressure, heart rates, and stress levels, as well as increases in emotional well-being and social interaction are benefits from the human- animal bond â€Å"(Jorgenson 1997). Animals become more aware of possible problems and act as caretaker. â€Å"Animals can be aware of internal states, and so they can alert individuals of impending seizures [and any other health emergencies]† (Granger).We accept animals as potential healers and major contributors to our health, happiness, wellness, and vitality. The effectiveness of AAT â€Å"has gained wide spread support and application over the past few decades† (Connor 2000). The therapy involves special training for the animals to work with patients. The Delta Society defines Animal Assisted Therapy as a targeted intervention in which an animal complying with specific criteria represents an integral part of the th erapeutic process. Animal Assisted Therapy has physical, mental, educational and motivational effects on the participants. From the physical point of view, the therapy improves the fine motoric abilities, the use of the wheel-chair, and the maintenance of equilibrium when standing. †(Zasloff 1994) Certain animals can improve the development of motor skills that the patient is missing. â€Å"In the mental health area, it improves attention, concentration, and self-esteem reduces anxiety and loneliness, improves verbal interaction, and develops recreation and leisure abilities. †(Zasloff 1994) AAT promotes cognitive development in a patient, which is an important for normal societal function. â€Å"Educationally, it improves vocabulary, as ell as long and short term memory. Motivationally, the presence of an animal increases the desire for joining in group and social activities, and improves interaction with others. It is applied both in groups and individually† (Z asloff 1994). The use of various animals is not uncommon in animal-assisted therapy: dogs, cats, birds, horses, dolphins, rabbits, lizards, and other small animals. However, dogs are the most frequently used animals because of their training and sociability skills. â€Å"Many times children will tell things to an animal that they feel uncomfortable telling to an adult or therapist† (Bloomquist).Animals give off a relaxing feeling and allow the child to feel more comfortable and open. The child will be more trustworthy of the animal and can talk about anything without feeling judged. Every human has a story to share, and the animal is just easier to share it with. People in hospitals all share one hope, and that is for a fast recovery through any means necessary. â€Å"In some hospitals, canine-visitations are enabled for patients afflicted with chronic diseases, including the participation of medical staff, animal owners and veterinarians† (Lefebvre 2006).Animal visita tion boosts morale in nursing homes, hospitals, psychiatric wards and even prisons. The faces of these people become lit up when the animals comes to visit. Almost instantly the participants forget where they are and the pain they are in. â€Å"Dogs and owners are familiarized with hospital rules, which require mandatory documentation on the dogs in terms of vaccinations, and the control of behavior and temperament. Trainers [receive] advice and instruction on how to conduct a therapy group† (Barker 1998). When a dog comes for a visitation, all rules and regulations are set into place to conduct a safe therapy session.Even though dogs are the preferred animal for hospital visitations, â€Å"cats are often used for therapeutic purposes, as are birds. Some authors discovered that group meetings held in premises with caged birds have better patient attendance, more involved participation, and better results compared to the appropriate control group who stayed in premises withou t birds†(Barker 1998). Bigger animals, like dogs, can be intimidating to patients, so smaller animals are used as alternatives to elevate the amount of people who come to the sessions and participate.In horse-assisted therapy observations are made on the effects on the neuromuscular system of the patient caused by the mechanical influence of the horse walk. Specific to the horse therapy is that the patient continuously receives impulses from the horse walk, which lead to a relaxed perception of the body, equilibrium, and coordination of movement. â€Å"Humans and horses walk very similarly, when a person is sitting on top of a walking horse, the body goes through the same movements as if he/she was walking by him/herself. † (Beiry 437).Children with motor skill issues can participate in equestrian therapy to develop an identical walking sensation. The similarity between the two is astonishing. This is particularly significant in motoric deficiencies caused by hereditary lesions, such as cerebral paralysis in children. The very process of fitting the horse with saddle and harness, and acceleration in riding, improve the coordination of arms and shoulders, and sharpen the perception of one's body and one's self, which leads to improved strengthening of independence and resolve. All of this leads to better communication in the family, and improved work skills and quality of life â€Å"(Yeh 2005). Comparatively, â€Å"Hippotherapy has been used successfully with one-sided paralysis and other problems with asymmetry† (Beiry 352) Hippotherapy is another term for equestrian therapy and has worked wonders on patients who suffer through paralysis. â€Å"Benefits of Hippotherapy include increase in flexibility, balance, and arm and leg strength. † (Beiry 352-54). The development progress is one-hundred percent in terms that children and adults developed fine tuned motor skills that were otherwise non-existent.Development of leg and arm streng th is seen in people who participate in Hippotherapy the patient develops the strength and confidence to walk on their own. Equally, â€Å"in the presence of a horse, there are other influences on the patient, such as visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile. The warmth of the horse and the touch during grooming act positively on the patient. Such therapeutic meetings are practiced 2 to 3 times per week† (Yeh 2005). It has been observed that during horse riding, the rider experiences a unique interaction with the animal with which he shares a relationship and space.A communication is therefore established, resulting in gratification and motivation, which in turn alleviates pathologies. In the same fashion, â€Å"animal visitation and therapy in critical care helps motivates patients by reminding them that there is life outside the walls to which in time, they’ll return†(Connor 40). AAT allows for people to develop an outgoing/positive outlook on life, despite th e fact that they are confined. â€Å"Critical care nurses use AAT to relieve patients stress during [procedures]† (Connor 52).Certain procedures that a patient must endure cause an immense amount of pain, but with the animal there, a patient can focus on the animal and ignore the pain almost completely. In a unique way â€Å"AAT reduces anxiety levels of institutionalized patients† (Connor). Institutionalized patients are often if not always in a constant fear, but with an animal present during their therapy session, the patient can relax and worry less. With an animal there patients develop a â€Å"willingness to be involved† (Connor). Patients become more eager to participate. They know that participating will allow them to pet the animal.In turn, patients will develop an eagerness to participate in society. Florence Nightingale, founder of modern nursing, once wrote â€Å"A small animal is often an excellent companion for the sick. † Animals will never leave a person because of a disease or a disability. No matter the situation, an animal will say by your side. â€Å"Animals serve to buffer and normalize an aging person’s sense of social isolation† (Journal of Psychology). Never does an animal pass judgment on someone, nor reject someone for being different. Animals only provide unconditional love to all young and old.Because patients can become lonely, bored in hospitals, so the animal visitations are something to look forward to. â€Å"AAT provides patients with entertainment and social interaction† (Abdill 8). Patients can have fun while experiencing the beneficial parts of the therapy. It brings entertainment to people in hospitals, homes, and even prisons. â€Å"Animals smooth all kinds of social interactions† (Abdill 79) Patients who go through AAT learn how to interact with other people. The more people who work with an AAT animal, the easier it is to talk to others.Although AAT has been acknowl edged by many medical professionals, some still doubt the validity of Animal Assisted Therapy. Some families tend to stay away from AAT because of the cost. â€Å"AAT cost three-thousand to five-thousand dollars† (Baxter). Cost should not be the one thing that prevents a person from partaking in AAT. Most facilities offer free sessions to any person who wants to get involved in AAT. Skeptics will also say that AAT is not an effective form of therapy. â€Å"AAT is for a purely recreational purpose† (Baxter) The therapy allows for development in physical and cognitive function.To further their point, people who oppose the use of AAT mention the danger it brings to the animals as well as the patients. The danger they see with the animals is aimed at DAT or Dolphin Assisted Therapy. â€Å"Removing dolphins from the wild results in separation from their families† (Baxter). Also stated is that DAT often results in the â€Å"deaths and/or injuries of many dolphinsâ₠¬  (Baxter). Experts have acknowledged the separation a dolphin can feel, so they put those dolphins in tanks with other dolphins so they could form their own family. Only a small amount of dolphins die while participating in DAT.The dolphins are given one-hundred and ten percent of attention and care. Furthermore, AAT employees â€Å"[limit] the time an animal is ‘on duty’ and keep the animal safe from accidents and/or aggressive behavior†(Granger 230). Safety of both patient and animal is the top priority during each therapy session. Rules and regulations are set in place for safer sessions and visits that are both fun and productive. In addition, opponents will say that AAT may be â€Å"physically hazardous to the body†, and there have been â€Å"multiple reports of children injured† (Baxter). On rare occasions children are injured, but at the fault of the AAT supervisors.Very rarely is the fault placed on the animal. However, â€Å"patients an d animals participating in these programs require special care in order to avoid transmission of infectious diseases associated with pets, hypersensitivity and accidents during their visits† (Jofre 2005). To prevent accidents, animals are thoroughly screened and tested before being approved for training to become an AAT service animal. There are many different roles an animal plays in someone’s life. A person who is living with a disability can have their day brightened up by the touch of an animal. Animals can become the very thing you need.They adapt to the persons needs. â€Å"Animals can sooth the emotionally distressed and relieve physical pain† (Graham). These service animals can make a person healthier and happier just by being by their side. One will never feel alone when beside and animal; â€Å"animals provide a valuable relationship that serves such functions as companionship, tactile stimulation, safety and nonjudgmental emotional support† (Gra ham 50). â€Å"Many individuals will thrive from the positive attention they will receive from a companion animal† (Graham). Individuals feel loved and adored by the animal which in turn makes the person strive to be a better person.The feeling of pride from an animal can feel a whole in somebody who is empty inside. â€Å"Animals are tools for therapy because they can make people feel safe and loved when they have been deprived of social interaction or hurt by other people† (Granger). People who are denied from emotions are more reserved. Animals can bring the trust back to a person who has no real reason to trust anyone. When an animal is brought into a room, the faces of everyone present glows. The benefits of AAT are so great that some believe in animals more than they do doctors. Animals are windows to our souls and they understand people better than some doctors do.It is as though animals know exactly what people need when they need it most. It is obvious that an imals bring so much into the lives of the people who need most. AAT has advanced a great deal in the last years. Beginning in the days of the Romans, people have relied on animals for a number of things such as, farming, transportation, hunting and lastly, companionship. In the twenty first century, people are still relying on animals for mental and physical healing, even though modern medicine has come so far. The medical field has and continues to grow with leaps and yet the four legged furry friend is still needed and wanted above all else.

Cute and Funny Baby Quotes for Every Occasion

Like it or not, babies have a hold on your life like nothing else. They can send you into a tizzy with their incessant bawling, or they can tug at your heartstrings with their soft cooing. A baby can make you forget your worries, or add to them they so desire. However, you cant help falling in love with your baby, notwithstanding the smelly diapers. Here are some baby quotes to bring all those beautiful feelings flooding back. Funny Baby Quotes Henry RobinEvery baby needs a lap.Barbara Lazear AscherThe hot, moist smell of babies fresh from naps.Ruth Bell GrahamAs a mother, my job is to take care of what is possible and trust God with the impossible.Susan SarandonChildren reinvent your world for you.Charles DickensIt is a pleasant thing to reflect upon, and furnishes a complete answer to those who contend for the gradual degeneration of the human species, that every baby born into the world is a finer one than the last.Queen VictoriaAn ugly baby is a very nasty object, and the prettiest is frightful when undressed.Hal BoyleDoes Grandpa love to baby-sit his grandchildren? Are you kidding? By day, he is too busy taking hormone shots at the doctors or chip shots on the golf course. At night, he and Grandma are too busy doing the cha-cha.Mark TwainAdam and Eve had many advantages, but the principal one was that they escaped teething.Ed HoweFamilies with babies and families without babies are sorry for each other.John WilmotBefor e I got married I had six theories about bringing up children; now I have six children and no theories.Martin H. FischerGods interest in the human race is nowhere better evinced than in obstetrics.Barbara Kingsolver, Animal DreamsIt kills you to see them grow up. But I guess it would kill you quicker if they didnt.P. J. ORourkeGetting down on all fours and imitating a rhinoceros stops babies from crying. (Put an empty cigarette pack on your nose for a horn and make loud snort noises.) I dont know why parents dont do this more often. Usually it makes the kid laugh. Sometimes it sends him into shock. Either way it quiets him down. If youre a parent, acting like a rhino has another advantage. Keep it up until the kid is a teenager and he definitely wont have his friends hanging around your house all the time.H. Jackson Brown, Jr.Always kiss your children goodnight—even if theyre already asleep.Loretta LynnI didnt know how babies were made until I was pregnant with my fourth chil d.